小学英语重点句型与功能句式-必备100句系统整理
小学阶段英语句型杂乱难记?本文系统整理了小学生必须掌握的重点句型,包括问候、介绍、问答、描述、请求、建议、比较、因果等八大功能类别共100个核心句型,每个句型配例句、替换练习、语法要点和考试常见考法,附分年级学习顺序建议。
“胡老师,孩子背了很多单词,但一到造句就不知道从哪开始,写出来的句子永远是’I like apple’这种。”
这是宇嘉教育胡老师(edu_yujia)在天津家长咨询中发现的一个普遍现象:孩子们背单词很努力,但知识储备只停留在”单词”这个层面,没有建立起”句型”的框架。就像有了砖头没有设计图,盖不出房子。
小学英语的核心任务不是背多少单词,而是掌握多少”功能句型”——即用来实现特定交流目的的句子模式。
一、为什么句型比单词更重要
先看一个对比:
| 输入 | 单词量 | 能做的事 |
|---|---|---|
| 学200个单词 | 200 | 看到单词知道什么意思 |
| 学10个句型 | 10个模式 | 可以造出无数句子 |
学过句型的孩子,看到”Where is the book?”这样的问句,会知道这是”Where is + 某物”的句型;没学过句型的孩子,听到的是一个”没有一个词不认识但不知道怎么组合”的句子。
胡老师的核心教学法:不单独教单词,而是把单词放进句型中学。比如学”cat”这个词,不是在单词卡上背cat-cat-cat,而是学”I have a cat.”和”This is a cat.”
二、八大功能句型类别
类别一:问候与告别(8句)
小学英语考试中第一道听力题通常就是问候类对话。
1. How are you? → I’m fine, thank you.
- 替换:I’m great. / I’m OK. / Not bad.
- 考点:问句用”How”,回答用”I’m”,不能混淆
2. Nice to meet you. → Nice to meet you, too.
- 替换:Glad to meet you. / Pleased to meet you.
- 考试坑:记得加too,很多孩子写句子会漏
3. Good morning/afternoon/evening.
- 语法要点:morning=12点前,afternoon=12-6pm,evening=日落后,night=临睡时
4. What’s your name? → My name is…
- 替换:May I have your name? / Are you…?
- 考点:回答用”My name is”不要用”I name is”
5. See you later. → See you.
- 替换:See you tomorrow. / See you next time.
6. Have a nice day! → You, too.
- 考点:口语中”You, too.”是简短回答,考试中可能会考完整句
7. How do you do?(正式场合)
- 回答也是”How do you do?”
8. Goodbye / Bye-bye / Bye
类别二:介绍与个人信息(12句)
9. This is my friend/mother/teacher, XXX.
- 句型模式:This is + 人物关系 + 名字
- 考试常见:完形填空中”This is”和”This is a”的混淆
10. I am from… → I come from…
- 替换:I am from Tianjin. / I come from China.
11. I am… years old.
- 句型:I am + 数字 + years old
- 注意:year要用复数years(除了one year old)
12. I am in Grade… Class…
- 例句:I am in Grade 4, Class 2.
13. My hobby is… → I like…
- 替换:I like reading books. / My hobby is swimming.
- 语法注意:like和is后跟动词时用-ing形式(like reading / hobby is swimming)
14. I can…
- 例句:I can swim. / I can play football.
- 考点:can后动词用原形,“I can swim”不是”I can swimming”
15. I have… → I have got…
- 注意:have got=have,但”has got”=has(三单形式)
16. There be句型(单数)There is a…
- 例句:There is a book on the desk.
- 注意:There is + 可数名词单数/不可数名词
17. There be句型(复数)There are…
- 例句:There are two pens in the pencil case.
- 核心语法:There is/There are的判断取决于后面的名词是单数还是复数
18. I like/don’t like…
- 例句:I like dogs. / I don’t like getting up early.
19. My favourite… is…
- 例句:My favourite colour is blue.
20. I want to be…
- 例句:I want to be a teacher.
类别三:日常问答(20句)
21. What is this/that? → It is…
- 近用this,远用that
- 回答用”It is”,不是”This is”
22. What are these/those? → They are…
- 复数形式要匹配
23. Who is he/she? → He/She is…
- who问人,what问物
24. Where is/are…? → It’s/They’re in/on/under…
- 考试高频,方位介词(in/on/under/behind/between/near等)是必考点
25. When is…? → It’s at/on/in…
- at+具体时间点(at 7 o’clock)
- on+具体天(on Monday)
- in+月份/年份/季节(in June)
26. What time is it? → It’s… o’clock.
- 整点:It’s seven o’clock.
- 半点:It’s half past seven.
- 几点几分:It’s seven fifteen.
27. What day is it today? → It’s Monday.
28. What’s the date today? → It’s June 22nd.
29. What’s the weather like? → It’s sunny/rainy/windy…
- 问天气:What’s the weather like? 或 How’s the weather?
30. How many… are there? → There are…
- 例句:How many students are there in your class?
31. How much is/are…? → It’s/They’re… yuan.
- 问价格,单数用is,复数用are
32. What colour is it? → It’s red.
33. Whose… is this? → It’s…‘s.
- 考点:名词所有格的用法(Mike’s, my mother’s)
34. What does he/she look like? → He/She is tall and thin.
- 描述外貌
35. What is he/she like? → He/She is kind and funny.
- 描述性格(和look like的区别是考试重点)
36. Do you like…? → Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
- 一般疑问句do/does开头
37. Can you…? → Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
38. Did you…? → Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
- 一般过去时的一般疑问句
39. Does he/she like…? → Yes, he/she does. / No, he/she doesn’t.
40. Is it…? → Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
类别四:描述与说明(17句)
41. It looks like…
- 例句:It looks like a cat.
42. It feels/smells/tastes/sounds…
- 五感动词+形容词:It smells good. / It tastes sweet.
43. He/She is… (形容词)
- 例句:She is very kind.
44. He/She has…
- 例句:He has big eyes and short hair.
45. It is… (大小/颜色/形状)
- 例句:It is small and round.
46. First,… Then,… Finally,…
- 顺序词,用于描述过程
47. … is/are in/on/under/between/behind/near…
- 方位描述
48. It is made of…
- 材质描述:It is made of paper.
49. … is used for…
- 用途描述:Pens are used for writing.
50. This is a story about…
- 故事引入
51. Once upon a time…
- 讲故事开头
52. … happens every day/year.
- 习惯/频率描述
53. Sometimes…, and sometimes…
- 对比两种可能性
54. Most of…
- 例句:Most of my classmates like English.
55. One of… is…
- 例句:One of my best friends is Lily.
56. Both… and…
- 例句:Both Tom and Jerry are my friends.
57. Some…, others…
- 例句:Some students like reading, others like playing.
类别五:请求、建议与命令(12句)
58. Can/Could I…?
- 例句:Can I have some water?
- Could比Can更礼貌
59. Can/Could you…?
- 例句:Could you open the door, please?
- 考频:小学考试常考Can you和Could you的礼貌程度
60. May I…?
- 例句:May I come in?
61. Please…
- 例句:Please sit down.
62. Let’s…
- 例句:Let’s play together.
- 语法要点:Let’s后跟动词原形
63. Don’t…
- 例句:Don’t run in the classroom.
- 否定祈使句
64. You should/shouldn’t…
- 例句:You should brush your teeth every day.
65. You’d better…
- 例句:You’d better go to bed early.
- 口语常用
66. Why don’t you…?
- 例句:Why don’t you try again?
67. What/How about…?
- 例句:What about going to the park?
- about是介词,后跟动词-ing
68. Would you like…?
- 例句:Would you like some tea?
- 用”some”不是”any”(因为是礼貌地提供)
69. It’s time to…
- 例句:It’s time to go to school.
类别六:比较与最高级(10句)
70. … is bigger/smaller/taller than…
- 比较级:形容词-er + than
- 例句:Tom is taller than Jerry.
71. … is as… as…
- 同级比较:as + 形容词 + as
- 例句:She is as tall as her mother.
72. … is not as… as…
- 否定同级比较
73. … is the…-est (of/in…)
- 最高级:the + 形容词-est
- 例句:She is the tallest girl in our class.
74. … is more… than…
- 多音节形容词比较级
75. … is the most… (of/in…)
- 多音节形容词最高级
76. … is better than…
- 不规则比较:good→better→best
77. … is the worst…
- 不规则比较:bad→worse→worst
78. … is the same as…
- 相同比较
79. … is different from…
- 不同比较
类别七:因果、条件与转折(9句)
80. … because…
- 例句:I feel happy because I got a present.
81. … so…
- 例句:It was raining, so we stayed at home.
82. If…, … will…
- 条件句:If it is sunny tomorrow, we will go to the park.
- 小学阶段的if从句:主将从现(主句用will,从句用一般现在时)
83. When…, …
- 时间从句:When I grow up, I want to be a doctor.
84. Although/Though…, …
- 转折:Although it was difficult, I kept trying.
85. But…
- 转折:I like apples, but I don’t like pears.
86. However,…
- 更正式的转折
87. Not only…, but also…
- 并列:She can not only sing, but also dance.
88. Either… or…
- 选择:You can either read or play.
类别八:时间与顺序(12句)
89. First,… Next,… Then,… Finally…
- 顺序描述必备
90. In the morning/afternoon/evening…
- 时间状语
91. … at night / at noon / at midnight
92. On Monday/Tuesday…
93. In January/February… / In spring/summer…
94. Yesterday / Today / Tomorrow
- 时间副词
95. … ago
- 例句:Two days ago, I went to the zoo.
96. … last night/week/month/year
97. … next week/month/year
98. … every day/week/year
99. … from… to…
- 例句:I go to school from Monday to Friday.
100. … before/after…
- 例句:Wash your hands before eating.
三、这100句怎么用
分年级学习顺序
| 年级 | 应掌握句量 | 重点类别 |
|---|---|---|
| 一年级 | 1-15句 | 问候、简单自我介绍 |
| 二年级 | 1-30句 | 问候+日常问答基础 |
| 三年级 | 1-45句 | 问候+日常问答+描述类 |
| 四年级 | 1-65句 | 全部基础+请求建议类 |
| 五年级 | 1-85句 | 全部+比较最高级+部分因果条件 |
| 六年级 | 1-100句 | 全部掌握并会灵活组合 |
学习步骤
Step 1:听句型
- 播放句型录音(可以从课堂录音或课本中找到)
- 孩子不需要张嘴,只用心听,听3-5遍
Step 2:理解句型结构
- 用不同颜色的笔标出句型中的固定部分和可变部分
- 例如:I like ______. → I like 固定,后面想填什么填什么
Step 3:替换练习
- 把一个句型做5-10个替换
- 刚开始允许替换一个词,熟练后替换多个词,最后替换核心词
Step 4:在对话中使用
- 亲子对话:家长用该句型问,孩子回答
- 角色扮演:设置场景使用句型
Step 5:在写作中使用
- 每周选5个句型,各造一个句子
- 积累一个”句型句库”,写作时直接调用
胡老师的句型学习小窍门
千万不要让孩子”背句型”!
很多培训机构让小学生背句子清单,今天背第1-10句,明天背11-20句。这种方式只能应付考试选择填空,对孩子真正的英语能力帮助有限。
正确的方法:每天学1-2个句型,学了马上用——用它在生活中造5个不同的句子。第2天复习,学新的。第2天结束时用新旧句型组合成一个对话。第3天把前两天的句型翻出来用。
一句话:句型不是背出来的,是用出来的。
写在最后
这100个句型覆盖了小学英语90%以上的语法点和表达需求。掌握了这些句型,孩子不仅听力和阅读能听懂,口语和写作也能基本自如表达。
这100个句型,如果在学校里学不会,或学校教的零散到让一个学期下来也没有系统的语言框架,建议家长用下面这个方案帮孩子建立自己的句型体系:
- 打印这份句型清单
- 从一年级对应的部分开始,每天2个句型
- 每个句型造5个句子,写在句型本上
- 周末复习本周学的10个句型
坚持一个学期,孩子的英语表达能力会有质的飞跃。
如果对某个句型的用法还不清楚,或不知道怎样教孩子替换练习,可以随时联系宇嘉教育胡老师(edu_yujia)交流。