天津小学生英语动词短语和介词搭配系统整理——最实用的100组固定搭配
动词+介词/副词的固定搭配是小学生英语的难点，胡老师整理出最常用的100组，附带记忆技巧。
“胡老师，look at、look for、look after到底有什么区别？孩子总是搞混。”
这确实是小学英语学习的难点。英语中有大量的动词短语（Phrasal Verbs）——同一个动词加上不同的介词或副词，意思完全不一样。
在宇嘉教育的日常教学中，胡老师发现动词短语是天津小学生丢分最多的地方之一。今天就来系统整理最实用的100组动词固定搭配，并附上记忆口诀和练习方法。
一、动词短语为什么容易搞混？
先帮孩子建立正确的认知。
动词短语 = 动词 + 小品词（介词/副词）
| 动词短语 | 含义 | 字面理解技巧 |
|---|---|---|
| look at | 看……（强调目标） | at指向目标 |
| look for | 寻找（表示过程） | for为了找到 |
| look after | 照顾（强调陪伴） | after跟着、照看 |
记住一个关键：不同的介词/副词给动词赋予了不同的”方向感”。
二、10组最核心动词的短语总表
1. look 系列
| 短语 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| look at | 看、注视 | Look at the blackboard. |
| look for | 寻找 | I am looking for my pencil. |
| look after | 照顾 | She looks after her little brother. |
| look like | 看起来像 | He looks like his father. |
| look up | 查询 | Look up the word in the dictionary. |
| look out | 小心 | Look out! There’s a car! |
| look forward to | 期待 | I look forward to your reply. |
2. get 系列
| 短语 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| get up | 起床 | I get up at 7 o’clock. |
| get on | 上车 | Get on the bus. |
| get off | 下车 | Get off at the next stop. |
| get along with | 和……相处 | He gets along with everyone. |
| get ready for | 为……准备好 | Get ready for the test. |
| get together | 聚在一起 | Let’s get together on Sunday. |
| get lost | 迷路 | Don’t get lost in the forest! |
3. take 系列
| 短语 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| take care of | 照顾 | Take care of yourself. |
| take part in | 参加 | He took part in the game. |
| take off | 脱下/起飞 | Take off your coat. |
| take place | 发生 | The party will take place on Friday. |
| take out | 拿出 | Take out your book. |
| take a walk | 散步 | Let’s take a walk in the park. |
4. put 系列
| 短语 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| put on | 穿上 | Put on your jacket. |
| put away | 收好 | Put away your toys. |
| put up | 举起 | Put up your hands. |
| put down | 放下 | Put down your pen. |
| put off | 推迟 | Don’t put off your homework. |
| put out | 扑灭 | Put out the fire. |
5. turn 系列
| 短语 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| turn on | 打开 | Turn on the light. |
| turn off | 关闭 | Turn off the TV. |
| turn up | 开大（音量） | Turn up the music. |
| turn down | 关小/拒绝 | Turn down the radio. |
| turn left | 左转 | Turn left at the corner. |
| turn right | 右转 | Turn right at the traffic lights. |
记忆口诀：“开on关off，大up小down，左右不分家。“
6. go 系列
| 短语 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| go to school | 去上学 | I go to school by bus. |
| go home | 回家 | Let’s go home. |
| go back | 回去 | Go back to your seat. |
| go on | 继续 | Go on reading. |
| go out | 出去 | Can I go out to play? |
| go shopping | 去购物 | We go shopping on weekends. |
| go swimming | 去游泳 | He goes swimming in summer. |
7. come 系列
| 短语 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| come in | 进来 | Come in, please. |
| come out | 出来 | The sun comes out. |
| come back | 回来 | Come back soon! |
| come from | 来自 | She comes from Tianjin. |
| come on | 快点/加油 | Come on! You can do it! |
| come true | 实现 | His dream came true. |
8. do 系列
| 短语 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| do homework | 做作业 | I do my homework every day. |
| do housework | 做家务 | She helps do housework. |
| do sports | 做运动 | We do sports in the morning. |
| do well in | 在……方面做得好 | He does well in English. |
| do one’s best | 尽力而为 | Do your best! |
9. have 系列
| 短语 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| have breakfast | 吃早餐 | I have breakfast at 7:30. |
| have a rest | 休息 | Let’s have a rest. |
| have a cold | 感冒 | She has a cold. |
| have fun | 玩得开心 | Have fun at the party! |
| have a look | 看一看 | Have a look at this picture. |
10. be 系列（常用固定搭配）
| 短语 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| be good at | 擅长 | I am good at English. |
| be afraid of | 害怕 | She is afraid of dogs. |
| be proud of | 以……为骄傲 | We are proud of you! |
| be interested in | 对……感兴趣 | He is interested in science. |
| be late for | 迟到 | Don’t be late for school. |
| be ready for | 为……准备好 | Are you ready for the test? |
| be famous for | 以……而著名 | Tianjin is famous for food. |
三、动词短语记忆的6种高效方法
方法一：场景记忆法
不要孤立地背短语，要在场景中学：
- 早上场景：get up → put on clothes → have breakfast → go to school
- 学校场景：come in → sit down → look at the board → put up hands
- 睡前场景：take off shoes → put away toys → go to bed
把动词短语串成一个故事或者一段流程，记起来轻松得多。
方法二：动作记忆法
动起来！每学一个动词短语就做一个动作：
- put on——做穿衣服的动作
- turn on——做开灯的动作
- pick up——做捡东西的动作
身体记忆比大脑记忆更牢固。宇嘉教育在课上经常会带学员做”短语大动作”游戏，每个短语对应一个动作，做完一轮动作，短语就记住了。
方法三：反义配对法
很多动词短语有”好伙伴”（反义词），成对记忆效率翻倍：
| 一对好伙伴 |
|---|
| put on 穿上 ↔ take off 脱下 |
| turn on 打开 ↔ turn off 关闭 |
| turn up 调大 ↔ turn down 调小 |
| get on 上车 ↔ get off 下车 |
| come in 进来 ↔ go out 出去 |
| put sth on 穿上 ↔ take sth off 脱下 |
方法四：编故事法
把多个短语串到一起编故事，记忆效果远超逐个背诵。
示例故事：
Tom gets up at 7:00. He puts on his clothes and has breakfast. Then he goes to school. In class, he looks at the teacher and puts up his hand. After school, he gets off the bus and goes home. He takes off his shoes and turns on the TV.
一共用了8个动词短语，通过一个故事串联起来。孩子读完故事，这些短语就不知不觉记住了。
方法五：词根理解法
理解介词的本意，可以帮孩子”推理”出短语的意思：
| 介词 | 核心含义 | 短语示例 |
|---|---|---|
| up | 向上/增加 | get up, turn up, pick up |
| down | 向下/减少 | sit down, turn down, put down |
| on | 接触/打开 | put on, turn on, get on |
| off | 离开/关闭 | take off, turn off, get off |
| out | 出去/出现 | go out, come out, find out |
比如理解了up是”向上”的意思，turn up（调大声量）、pick up（捡起来）、get up（起床——从床上”起来”）就都顺理成章了。
四、易混淆短语辨析
| 易混组 | 辨析要点 |
|---|---|
| look for vs find | look for是”寻找”的过程，find是”找到”的结果 |
| listen to vs hear | listen to是”主动听”，hear是”听到” |
| look at vs see | look at是”主动看”，see是”看见” |
| speak to vs talk to | speak to更正式，talk to更随意 |
| think about vs think of | think about是”思考”，think of是”想到/想出” |
五、在家练习的方法
每日一练：每天随机抽一组（比如”turn系列”），让孩子在10分钟内写出所有能想到的短语和例句。
造句练习：每天选3个短语造句子，家长检查是否用对。
填空练习：
- Please turn _____ the light. It’s too dark.（填on/off）
- I’m looking _____ my keys. Can you help me?（填at/for/after）
- It’s cold outside. Put _____ your coat.（填on/off）
掌握动词短语没有捷径，但用对方法可以事半功倍。天津的家长们，这套100组动词短语是小学阶段最核心的，让孩子从最常用的开始，每天学3~5组，配合造句练习，一个月就能有明显进步。
如果孩子在动词短语的学习上需要更多帮助，欢迎来宇嘉教育咨询。我们有专门的语法基础课程，帮孩子系统性地攻克动词短语这个难点。