天津小学生英语动词语态综合训练——主动语态和被动语态实战练习
语态转换是小学高年级英语的重要考点。宇嘉教育提供主动语态与被动语态的系统对比和大量实战练习，帮助天津小学生彻底掌握语态转换。
主动vs被动——为什么你总在转换时出错？
“主动句变成被动句，为什么我的be动词总是选错？” “为什么有些句子有by，有些又没有？” “过去分词该加-ed还是不规则的？”
在英语学习中，从主动语态转换到被动语态就像从一个角度切换到另一个角度——你需要重新调整整个句子的结构。对天津的小学生来说，这无疑是语法学习中的一个”坎”。
宇嘉教育的胡老师发现，一旦孩子搞清楚下面三个问题，被动语态就变得容易多了：
- 什么时候用被动语态？
- 主动变被动的”三步法”是什么？
- 各时态的被动结构有什么不同？
本文汇总了主动和被动的系统对比和大量练习，适合五年级以上的天津孩子使用。
一、主动语态vs被动语态——一句话讲清楚
| 主动语态 | 被动语态 | |
|---|---|---|
| 强调谁？ | 动作的执行者 | 动作的承受者 |
| 结构 | 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 | 主语 + be + 过去分词 + (by…) |
| 例子 | 猫吃了鱼。 | 鱼被猫吃了。 |
| 英文 | The cat ate the fish. | The fish was eaten by the cat. |
二、主动变被动的三步法回顾
第1步：主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语 第2步：动词变成”be + 过去分词”（be动词的时态要和原句一致） 第3步：主动句的主语变成”by + 宾语”
例子：
主动：My mother washed the clothes. 第1步：The clothes（宾语变主语） 第2步：were washed（washed是过去时，所以be用were） 第3步：by my mother 被动：The clothes were washed by my mother.
三、各时态主动vs被动对照表
| 时态 | 主动语态 | 被动语态 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般现在时 | clean / cleans | am/is/are cleaned |
| 一般过去时 | cleaned | was/were cleaned |
| 一般将来时 | will clean | will be cleaned |
| 现在进行时 | am/is/are cleaning | am/is/are being cleaned |
| 现在完成时 | has/have cleaned | has/have been cleaned |
| 情态动词 | can/must clean | can/must be cleaned |
各时态例句对比
一般现在时
主动：The students clean the classroom every day. 被动：The classroom is cleaned (by the students) every day.
一般过去时
主动：She wrote the letter yesterday. 被动：The letter was written (by her) yesterday.
一般将来时
主动：We will hold a sports meet next week. 被动：A sports meet will be held next week.
现在进行时
主动：The workers are building a new school. 被动：A new school is being built (by the workers).
现在完成时
主动：I have finished my homework. 被动：My homework has been finished.
情态动词
主动：You must do the work today. 被动：The work must be done today.
四、需要注意的特殊情况
1. 有些动词没有被动语态
以下动词通常不用被动语态：
- happen（发生）
- belong to（属于）
- seem（似乎）
- appear（出现）
- exist（存在）
✗ A strange thing was happened yesterday. ✓ A strange thing happened yesterday.
2. 感官动词用主动表被动
The cake tastes delicious.（蛋糕尝起来美味。） 不说：The cake is tasted delicious.（✗）
The music sounds beautiful. 不说：The music is sounded beautiful.（✗）
3. 主动句的宾语是that从句
主动：People say that he is very kind. 被动：It is said that he is very kind.
这是高中阶段的考点，小学了解即可。
五、实战练习
练习1：判断下列句子是主动还是被动
- The cat chased the mouse. _____
- The mouse was chased by the cat. _____
- Many trees are planted every year. _____
- We planted many trees last year. _____
- The letter has been sent. _____
答案：1.主动 2.被动 3.被动 4.主动 5.被动
练习2：将下列主动句变为被动句
-
The boy opens the door. → The door _____ _____ by the boy.
-
My father repaired the bike. → The bike _____ _____ by my father.
-
We will finish the project. → The project _____ _____ _____.
-
The students are cleaning the classroom. → The classroom _____ _____ _____ by the students.
-
Someone has broken the window. → The window _____ _____ _____.
答案：
- is opened
- was repaired
- will be finished
- is being cleaned
- has been broken
练习3：将下列被动句变为主动句
-
The book was written by Mark Twain. → Mark Twain _____ the book.
-
Rice is grown in the south. → Farmers _____ rice in the south.
-
My car was stolen. → Someone _____ my car.
答案：
- wrote
- grow
- stole
练习4：选择正确的形式
- English _______ (speak / is spoken) in many countries.
- The letter _______ (wrote / was written) yesterday.
- The work must _______ (finish / be finished) before Friday.
- The song _______ (sings / is sung) by a famous singer.
- Many new houses _______ (build / are built) every year in our city.
答案：
- is spoken
- was written
- be finished
- is sung
- are built
六、天津期末真题
真题1（2025年天津和平区六年级期末）：
Many trees _______ (plant) in our school every year. A. plant B. are planted C. were planted
答案：B（every year提示一般现在时，trees是复数）
真题2（2025年天津河西区五年级期末）：
把主动句变为被动句： My mother made a cake for me. → ___________________________________
答案：A cake was made for me by my mother.
真题3（2025年天津南开区六年级期末）：
The old bridge _______ (build) in 1990. A. built B. was built C. is built
答案：B（in 1990提示过去时，bridge是单数）
七、不规则过去分词速记表
要学好被动语态，必须先背过去分词。以下是最常见的：
| 动词原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
|---|---|---|
| do | did | done |
| go | went | gone |
| see | saw | seen |
| take | took | taken |
| write | wrote | written |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| give | gave | given |
| make | made | made |
| buy | bought | bought |
| find | found | found |
| build | built | built |
| teach | taught | taught |
八、常见错误
❌ 错误1：be动词选错
✗ The book is written by him yesterday. ✓ The book was written by him yesterday.
原因：yesterday提示过去时，应用was。
❌ 错误2：忘记动词变成过去分词
✗ The window was break by the boy. ✓ The window was broken by the boy.
原因：被动语态中的动词必须用过去分词。
❌ 错误3：不该加by的时候加了by
✗ My bike was stolen by someone. ✓ My bike was stolen.（不知道是谁偷的就不用by）
原因：当执行者不明或不重要时，应省略by短语。
❌ 错误4：感官动词也变被动
✗ The cake is tasted good. ✓ The cake tastes good.
原因：感官动词主动形式表示被动含义。
总结
胡老师的被动语态口诀：
被动语态记心间，be加过去分词； 时态由be来体现，be随时态来变换； 过去分词要记清，规则不规则要分清； 动作执行者若已知，by短语放在最后面。
掌握了这些知识和练习，天津小学生的被动语态一定能考出好成绩！
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