天津小学生英语疑问句专项训练——一般疑问句和特殊疑问句全攻略
英语疑问句是小学阶段的基础语法重点!宇嘉教育系统梳理一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句的构成方法,附大量练习题和解题技巧。
“你会用英语提问吗?”
想象一下:你的孩子在国外旅游,想问问”地铁站在哪里”?想问问”这个多少钱”?想问”你叫什么名字”?
如果不会正确地提问,交流就会卡住。
英语疑问句是小学一二三年级的基础重点,也是很多孩子学习的难点。宇嘉教育的胡老师发现,很多孩子之所以在英语疑问句上反复出错,根本原因在于:中文的疑问句和英语的疑问句结构完全不同。
中文疑问句的特点是”加个’吗’就行”,而英语疑问句需要改变句子结构。
一、三大类疑问句概览
| 类型 | 特点 | 回答方式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 一般疑问句 | 用Yes/No回答 | Yes/No | Is this your book? |
| 特殊疑问句 | 用特殊疑问词开头 | 具体回答 | What is your name? |
| 选择疑问句 | 提供两个选项 | 二选一 | Is it red or blue? |
二、一般疑问句——“是或否”的提问
一般疑问句(Yes/No Question)是最简单的疑问句类型,回答只用”Yes”或”No”。
构成方法
核心规则:把be动词或助动词提到主语前面。
规则1:句中有be动词(am/is/are/was/were)
陈述句:You are a student. 疑问句:Are you a student?
陈述句:It is sunny today. 疑问句:Is it sunny today?
规则2:句中有情态动词(can/may/must/should)
陈述句:You can swim. 疑问句:Can you swim?
规则3:句中只有实义动词(没有be动词/情态动词)
这种情况需要引入助动词do/does/did:
陈述句:You like apples. 疑问句:Do you like apples?
陈述句:She gets up early. 疑问句:Does she get up early? (注意:does出现后,实义动词变回原形)
陈述句:He went to school yesterday. 疑问句:Did he go to school yesterday? (注意:did出现后,went变回原形go)
一般疑问句的”三步法”
第一步:判断句中有无be动词/情态动词
- 有 → 直接提到句首
- 无 → 引入do/does/did放在句首
第二步:把主语放在be动词/情态动词/助动词后面
第三步:动词变回原形(如果引入了does/did)
练习:把下列句子变成一般疑问句:
- They are teachers. → _______
- He can play the piano. → _______
- She reads books every day. → _______
- I went to Beijing last year. → _______
答案:
- Are they teachers?
- Can he play the piano?
- Does she read books every day?
- Did you go to Beijing last year?
三、特殊疑问句——“具体信息”的提问
特殊疑问句(Wh-question)用于询问具体信息,以特殊疑问词开头。
小学阶段必备的疑问词
| 疑问词 | 用法 | 例句 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| What | 问事物、动作 | What is this? | 这是什么? |
| Who | 问人 | Who is she? | 她是谁? |
| Where | 问地点 | Where is my pen? | 我的笔在哪? |
| When | 问时间 | When do you get up? | 你什么时候起床? |
| Why | 问原因 | Why are you happy? | 你为什么开心? |
| How | 问方式/程度 | How are you? | 你好吗? |
| How many | 问可数数量 | How many books? | 多少本书? |
| How much | 问价格/不可数数量 | How much is it? | 多少钱? |
| What time | 问具体时间 | What time is it? | 几点了? |
| What color | 问颜色 | What color is it? | 什么颜色? |
特殊疑问句的构成
特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序
What + is your name? Where + do you live? How + old are you?
注意:
- 如果对主语提问(who/what做主语),语序不变:
Who is in the classroom?(谁在教室里?) What happened?(发生了什么?)
四、选择疑问句——“二选一”的提问
选择疑问句(Alternative Question)给出两个选项,让对方选择。
结构:一般疑问句 + or + 另一个选项
Is it red or blue? Do you like apples or bananas? Are you a teacher or a student?
注意:回答时不能用Yes/No,必须明确选择:
A: Is it red or blue? B: It’s blue.
五、否定疑问句——“难道不”的提问
在一般疑问句的基础上加入否定形式:
Isn’t it beautiful?(难道不美吗?) Don’t you like ice-cream?(难道你不喜欢冰淇淋吗?)
小学阶段对这个的要求不高,了解即可。
六、疑问句回答全攻略
一般疑问句的回答
| 问句 | 肯定回答 | 否定回答 |
|---|---|---|
| Is he a doctor? | Yes, he is. | No, he isn’t. |
| Can you swim? | Yes, I can. | No, I can’t. |
| Do you like cats? | Yes, I do. | No, I don’t. |
| Does she run fast? | Yes, she does. | No, she doesn’t. |
| Did you see him? | Yes, I did. | No, I didn’t. |
关键规则:回答中要重复问句中的be动词/助动词/情态动词。
特殊疑问句的回答
问什么答什么:
| 问句 | 回答 |
|---|---|
| What is your name? | My name is Tom. |
| Where is my pen? | It’s on the desk. |
| When do you get up? | I get up at 7:00. |
七、常考题型与解题技巧
题型1:选择疑问词
_______ is your birthday? — It’s in June. A. When B. Where C. What
技巧:看回答——回答是”六月”(时间),所以选A(When)。
题型2:填入be动词/助动词
_______ you like swimming? A. Are B. Do C. Is
技巧:like是实义动词,没有be动词,所以用Do。选B。
题型3:对画线部分提问
My birthday is in June. → _______ is your birthday?
技巧:
- 看画线部分——“in June”是时间
- 选对应的疑问词——When
- 根据句子时态确定语序——be动词is提前
- 答案:When is your birthday?
八、搭配练习
练习1:选择正确的疑问词
- _______ is that girl? — She is my sister.
- _______ is your favorite color? — Blue.
- _______ do you go to school? — By bus.
- _______ is the school? — It’s near the park.
答案:1. Who 2. What 3. How 4. Where
练习2:变一般疑问句
- She is a teacher. → _______ she a teacher?
- They can speak English. → _______ they speak English?
- He likes apples. → _______ he like apples?
答案:1. Is 2. Can 3. Does
练习3:对画线部分提问
- My name is Tom. → _______ is your name?
- I get up at 6:30. → _______ do you get up?
- She is ten years old. → _______ is she?
答案:1. What 2. What time / When 3. How old
九、胡老师的五句总结
- 一般疑问句:be/助/情 → 提到句首
- 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序
- 回答技巧:Yes/No问答要重复be/助/情
- do/does/did:有这三个词出现,动词要用原形
- 选疑问词:看回答内容选对应的疑问词
本文由宇嘉教育内容团队原创,欢迎家长和老师们转发分享。