小学英语一般过去时——规则动词过去式变化与不规则动词速记
一般过去时是小学英语时态的难点之一，规则变化和不规则动词过去式让小学生们头疼不已。本文从规则详解到高效记忆法，帮孩子彻底掌握过去时。
引言
“老师，为什么 go 的过去式是 went 而不是 goed？""妈妈，study 的过去式是 studyed 还是 studied？”
一般过去时（Simple Past Tense）是小学英语核心时态之一，也是最容易出错的时态。不规则动词的过去式更是被很多孩子称为”噩梦”。
根据宇嘉教育的统计分析，天津小学四至六年级英语期末考试中，过去时相关题目平均占比15-20%，而孩子们在”写出动词过去式”这道题上的平均正确率仅为**60%**左右。
胡老师常说：“规则变化有规律，不规则变化有方法。不要死记硬背，用规律和方法去攻克。“
一、什么是一般过去时？
1. 什么时候用一般过去时？
| 使用场景 | 中文理解 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 过去发生的动作 | ”昨天做了什么” | I played football yesterday. |
| 过去的状态 | ”以前是什么样” | She was happy. |
| 过去的习惯 | ”以前经常做” | He always got up early when he was young. |
关键信号词（看到这些词，一般用过去时）：
- yesterday（昨天）
- last night/ week/ month/ year（昨晚/上周/上个月/去年）
- ago（……前）：two days ago, three years ago
- in the past（在过去）
- just now（刚才）
- in 2020/2021…（在2020年等特定过去时间）
二、规则动词过去式的变化
规则1：直接加 -ed
大部分规则动词直接加 -ed：
- play → played
- work → worked
- help → helped
- look → looked
- want → wanted
规则2：以 e 结尾只加 -d
- like → liked
- love → loved
- live → lived
- hope → hoped
- use → used
规则3：辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -ed
- study → studied（不是studyed！）
- carry → carried
- cry → cried
- try → tried
- worry → worried
💡 例外：元音字母 + y 结尾直接加 -ed：
- play → played
- stay → stayed
- enjoy → enjoyed
规则4：重读闭音节，双写最后一个字母再加 -ed
适用于”辅+元+辅”结尾的重读单音节词：
- stop → stopped
- plan → planned
- clap → clapped
- drop → dropped
🚨 高频易错：
- travel → traveled（美式）/ travelled（英式）
- happen → happened（不双写，因为第一个音节重读）
三、规则动词过去式变化口诀
一般加ed最容易，e结尾只加d； 辅音字母y结尾，y变i再加ed； 重读闭音节要双写，末尾字母再加ed。
四、不规则动词——小学阶段必背清单
不规则动词的过去式需要逐个记忆。以下是小学阶段最常考的30个不规则动词：
第一组：AAA型（过去式也和原形一样）
| 原形 | 过去式 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| put | put | 放 |
| cut | cut | 切 |
| let | let | 让 |
| read | read（读音变） | 读 |
| hurt | hurt | 受伤 |
第二组：AB型（过去式变一个字母）
| 原形 | 过去式 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| come | came | 来 |
| run | ran | 跑 |
| sit | sat | 坐 |
| get | got | 得到 |
| meet | met | 见面 |
| eat | ate | 吃 |
| give | gave | 给 |
| make | made | 做 |
| have/has | had | 有 |
| find | found | 找到 |
| tell | told | 告诉 |
| sell | sold | 卖 |
| hold | held | 拿、举 |
| hear | heard | 听见 |
| say | said | 说 |
第三组：ABC型（原形、过去式、过去分词都不同——但小学只需要过去式）
| 原形 | 过去式 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| begin | began | 开始 |
| sing | sang | 唱歌 |
| swim | swam | 游泳 |
| drink | drank | 喝 |
| ring | rang | 响（铃） |
| write | wrote | 写 |
| drive | drove | 开车 |
| take | took | 拿 |
| speak | spoke | 说（语言） |
| break | broke | 打破 |
| see | saw | 看见 |
| fly | flew | 飞 |
| draw | drew | 画 |
| know | knew | 知道 |
| wear | wore | 穿 |
| throw | threw | 扔 |
第四组：特殊变化（记住就行）
| 原形 | 过去式 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | 去 |
| do/does | did | 做 |
| is/am | was | 是 |
| are | were | 是 |
| buy | bought | 买 |
| bring | brought | 带来 |
| think | thought | 想、认为 |
| teach | taught | 教 |
| catch | caught | 抓住 |
| leave | left | 离开 |
| lose | lost | 丢失 |
| feel | felt | 感觉 |
| keep | kept | 保持 |
| sleep | slept | 睡觉 |
| sweep | swept | 打扫 |
五、不规则动词速记法
方法1：分组记忆法
把变化规律相同的动词放在一起记。这样每个组记住一个范例，组内其他词就顺带记住了。
组1：go→went / do→did / have→had（全不规则）
组2：buy→bought / bring→brought / think→thought / teach→taught / catch→caught（结尾变 -aught / -ought）
组3：keep→kept / sleep→slept / sweep→swept / leave→left/all→/ feel→felt（结尾变 ept/elt）
方法2：故事串联法
把看似不相关的词编成一个小故事：
I go to school. I see a bird. It sing a song. I run after it. Then I fall down. I feel sad. My friend come and help me.
变成过去式：
I went to school. I saw a bird. It sang a song. I ran after it. Then I fell down. I felt sad. My friend came and helped me.
这个故事包含了8个不规则动词的过去式！
方法3：卡片对碰法
制作两套卡片——一套写原形，一套写过去式，玩配对游戏。
六、过去时的句型转换
1. 肯定句 → 否定句
规则：用 didn’t + 动词原形
- I played football. → I didn’t play football.
- She went to school. → She didn’t go to school.
- We had lunch. → We didn’t have lunch.
💡 关键：用了 didn’t 之后，后面的动词要还原成原形！
2. 肯定句 → 一般疑问句
规则：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
- He played football. → Did he play football?
- She ate an apple. → Did she eat an apple?
肯定/否定回答：
- Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.
- Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t.
七、考试题型精讲
题型1：用所给词的适当形式填空
例题1：I ________ (visit) my grandpa last Sunday.
✅ 答案：visited（规则动词，直接加-ed）
例题2：She ________ (go) to Beijing by train yesterday.
✅ 答案：went（不规则动词）
例题3：We ________ (have) a party last night.
✅ 答案：had（不规则动词）
例题4：He ________ (not watch) TV yesterday evening.
✅ 答案：didn’t watch（否定句，didn’t后动词用原形）
题型2：句型转换
例题5：Tom played basketball after school.（变否定句）
✅ Tom didn’t play basketball after school.
例题6：They went to the zoo last Sunday.（变一般疑问句）
✅ Did they go to the zoo last Sunday?
题型3：改错题
例题7：I didn’t went to school yesterday.
✅ 改正：went → go（didn’t后动词用原形）
例题8：She studied English last night.（对吗？）
✅ 正确！studied是study的正确过去式（y变i+ed）
八、分层练习
基础层：写出下列动词的过去式
- play → __________
- study → __________
- stop → __________
- like → __________
- go → __________
- eat → __________
- see → __________
- do → __________
- have → __________
- buy → __________
参考答案：
- played 2. studied 3. stopped 4. liked 5. went 6. ate 7. saw 8. did 9. had 10. bought
提高层：用过去时完成句子
- I ________ (watch) a movie last night.
- She ________ (not go) to school yesterday because she was ill.
- ________ you ________ (visit) your grandparents last weekend?
- He ________ (write) a letter to his friend.
- We ________ (have) a wonderful time at the party.
参考答案：
- watched 2. didn’t go 3. Did…visit 4. wrote 5. had
挑战层：用正确时态填空
Yesterday ________ (be) a very special day. I ________ (get) up early and ________ (have) a big breakfast. Then I ________ (go) to the park with my parents. We ________ (fly) kites and ________ (take) many photos. In the afternoon, we ________ (see) a beautiful rainbow. I ________ (feel) very happy.
参考答案： was, got, had, went, flew, took, saw, felt
全部都是不规则动词！ 这是天津小学六年级考试的常见题型。
九、家长辅导建议
1. 每天5分钟”变变变”
每天抽5分钟，给孩子3个动词原形，让他们写出过去式。
2. 睡前”回忆录”
和孩子用英语回顾今天做了什么——这就是最好的过去时练习！
- “Today I went to the supermarket.”
- “I bought some apples.”
- “We had fish for dinner.”
3. 不规则动词”闯关表”
制作一张不规则动词闯关表，每掌握10个就进入下一关，给一些小奖励，增加学习动力。
4. 巧用歌曲和视频
网上有很多不规则动词的歌曲，节奏感强的儿歌可以帮助孩子快速记忆。
总结
一般过去时是小学英语时态中的重头戏，掌握它需要区分规则和不规则变化两部分：
- 规则动词（4条规律）→ 直接加ed / 去e加d / y变i加ed / 双写加ed
- 不规则动词（小学30个核心）→ 分组记忆 + 故事串联 + 每天复习
一般过去时并不难，关键是要日积月累。每天花5分钟练一练过去式，一个月后孩子就能熟练掌握。 宇嘉教育胡老师团队整理了《小学英语不规则动词速记手册》，附赠记忆卡片和闯关表，需要的家长可以联系我们获取。