there be 句型 vs have/has 区别——小学英语易混淆语法一次讲透
there be 和有生命用have的区别是小学生必考但容易混淆的知识点,本文通过对比讲解和大量练习,帮孩子彻底分清这两个结构。
引言
“老师,There has a book on the desk. 这句话对吗?""妈妈,I have a cat 还是 There is a cat?”
这可能是小学英语中最容易混淆的一对语法结构了。在天津小学英语试卷中,there be 和 have/has 的辨析题是必考题型,而且是高分值区分题。
根据宇嘉教育的调查,天津市五年级小学生在区分题中的错误率高达42%,超过三分之一的孩子会混淆这两个结构。
胡老师在多年教学中发现:“孩子们混淆的关键原因,是两个结构中文翻译都叫’有’。但只要理解了’谁有’和’哪里有’的区别,这个问题就迎刃而解了。“
一、核心区别一句话说清
there be = “某地存在某物/某人”(强调位置) have/has = “某人/某物拥有某物”(强调所有)
用一个简单的对比就能说明:
- There is a book on the desk. → 桌上有本书(强调”桌上这个位置”)
- I have a book. → 我有一本书(强调”我拥有”)
💡 关键测试法:问孩子一个问题——“这句话想表达在哪,还是谁有?“
二、there be 句型详解
1. 基本结构
There be + 名词 + 地点/时间状语
- There is a pen in the pencil case.
- There are two cats under the table.
2. be 动词的选择
| 名词类型 | 用 is/isn’t | 用 are/aren’t |
|---|---|---|
| 单数名词 | There is a book… | × |
| 不可数名词 | There is some water… | × |
| 复数名词 | × | There are two dogs… |
| 多个名词 | 看最近的名词 | 看最近的名词 |
3. 就近原则(必考!)
当 there be 后面有多个名词时,be 动词由最靠近它的名词决定:
- There is a pen and two books on the desk. ✅
- There are two books and a pen on the desk. ✅
易错点提醒:很多孩子会误以为”有多个东西就用are”,其实不然——要看第一个名词的单复数!
4. there be 的疑问句
变成一般疑问句时,把 be 动词提前:
- Is there a book on the desk?
- Are there any students in the classroom?
肯定/否定回答:
- Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
- Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
三、have/has 详解
1. 基本结构
主语 + have/has + 名词
2. have 和 has 的选择
| 主语 | 用 have | 用 has |
|---|---|---|
| I / You / We / They | I have a dog. | × |
| He / She / It | × | She has a cat. |
| 单数名词 | × | Tom has a bike. |
| 复数名词 | The students have books. | × |
3. have/has 的疑问句
使用助动词 do/does:
- Do you have a pen? — Yes, I do.
- Does she have a brother? — No, she doesn’t.
注意:Does 后面的 have 要用原形!
- ❌ Does she has a book?
- ✅ Does she have a book?
四、对比表——一表分清所有区别
| 对比维度 | there be | have/has |
|---|---|---|
| 中文意思 | 有(存在) | 有(拥有) |
| 核心逻辑 | 某地存在某物 | 某人拥有某物 |
| 语法功能 | 倒装句 | 正常主谓宾 |
| be/助动词 | be动词写数字 | do/does提问 |
| 否定 | There isn’t/aren’t | don’t / doesn’t have |
| 问句 | Is there…? / Are there…? | Do you have…? / Does he have…? |
五、考试必考题型精讲
题型1:用 there be 或 have/has 的正确形式填空
例题1:_______ a big playground in our school.
✅ 答案:There is ❌ 常见错误:Has
解析:“学校里有一个大操场”——强调”学校这个地点存在”,不是”学校拥有”。
例题2:I _______ a new bicycle.
✅ 答案:have ❌ 常见错误:There is
解析:强调”我拥有”,不是”某地存在”。
例题3:_______ seven days in a week.
✅ 答案:There are ❌ 常见错误:Has
解析:“一周里有七天”——强调”一周这个时间段内存在七天”。
题型2:改错题
例题4:There have some flowers in the garden.
✅ 改正:There are some flowers in the garden.
例题5:My sister have a beautiful doll.
✅ 改正:My sister has a beautiful doll.
题型3:句型转换
例题6:There is a cat under the table.(变否定句)
✅ There isn’t a cat under the table.
例题7:I have a storybook.(变一般疑问句)
✅ Do you have a storybook?
六、区分技巧——两问法
胡老师教给学生的”两问法”非常管用:
第一步:看后面有没有地点。如果有明显的地点(on/in/under/behind…),优先用 there be。 第二步:如果没有地点,看主语——有生命的人/动物用 have/has。
⚠️ 特例注意:
- “我有头痛” → I have a headache.(固定搭配)
- “树上有十只鸟” → There are ten birds in the tree.(强调”在树上”)
- “树有很多叶子” → The tree has many leaves.(树拥有叶子)
七、分层练习
基础层(判断正误)
- There is a book on the desk. ( )
- She has a new dress. ( )
- There have an apple in the bag. ( )
参考答案:1. ✅ 2. ✅ 3. ❌(改为 There is)
提高层(填空)
- _______ a park near my home.
- My brother _______ a toy car.
- _______ some milk in the glass.
- We _______ a big classroom.
- _______ a computer and two printers in the office.
参考答案:
- There is 2. has 3. There is(milk不可数) 4. have 5. There is(就近原则,computer是单数)
挑战层(改错)
- There are some water in the bottle.
- Does your sister has a pet dog?
- There is many students in the library.
- The cat have a long tail.
- There have two birds in the tree.
参考答案:
- are → is(water不可数)
- has → have(Does后动词用原形)
- is → are(students是复数)
- have → has(cat是三单)
- have → are(there be句式中不用have)
八、家长辅导建议
1. 场景化教学
在家练习:
- 指着房间里的物品问:“What’s in the room?” 引导孩子用 there be 回答
- 指着自己的物品问:“What do you have?” 引导孩子用 I have 回答
2. 对比本
准备一个对比本,左侧写 there be 的例句,右侧写 have/has 的例句,每天读一遍。
3. 规律记忆
记住胡老师的口诀:
“人有我用到have,东西在哪there be; have/has主语是物主,there be后跟事物加地点。“
总结
there be 和 have/has 的区别其实很简单:
- 有地点 + 有某物 → there be
- 有生命 + 有某物 → have/has
- 没地点 + 有生命 → have/has
- 有地点 + 有生命 → 两个都可以,意思不同
掌握了这个对比框架,再来做天津小学英语试卷中的”用所给词的适当形式填空”和”句型转换”题,正确率可以提升到90%以上。
宇嘉教育为天津小学生准备了一份专项练习题(共50道对比辨析题),需要的家长可以联系我们获取,胡老师团队精心编排,覆盖所有考试题型。