天津小学生英语there be句型用法完全指南
从基础到进阶，系统讲解there be句型的肯定句、否定句、疑问句、就近原则和时态变化，配合天津考试真题，帮助孩子彻底掌握
天津小学生英语there be句型用法完全指南
从两个错误开始
在天津某小学四年级的英语课上，胡老师出了一道题：
“桌子上有三本书。” 请用英语翻译。
小明写道：“The desk has three books.” 小红写道：“There have three books on the desk.”
这两个答案对吗？
都不对！
正确的说法是：“There are three books on the desk.”
是不是很奇怪？“有”这个看似简单的概念，在英语中却有两种完全不同的表达方式：
- There be 句型：表示”某处有某物”（存在）
- Have/has：表示”某人拥有某物”（拥有）
今天我们就把这个让无数天津小学生头疼的”there be”句型彻底讲清楚！
一、什么是there be句型？
核心含义
“There be”句型表示**“某地存在某物/某人”**。它不表示”拥有”，而是表示”存在”。
基本结构
There + be + 名词 + 地点
| | | |
There is/are 书 on the desk三个要点：
- There：引导词，没有实际意义
- be动词：is 或 are，取决于后面的名词
- 名词 + 地点：存在的人或物及其位置
常见错误分析
回到开头的错误：
- ❌ The desk has three books. → desk不能”拥有”books，这是存在关系
- ❌ There have three books. → 存在不用have，用there be
- ✅ There are three books on the desk.
二、there be句型的三种形态
1. 肯定句
结构：There + is/are + 名词 + 地点
单数名词用is：
- There is a book on the desk.
- There is a cat under the chair.
- There is an apple in the bag.
复数名词用are：
- There are two books on the desk.
- There are many flowers in the garden.
- There are some children in the park.
不可数名词用is：
- There is some milk in the glass.
- There is water on the floor.
2. 否定句
结构：There + is/are + not + 名词 + 地点
否定形式：
- is not = isn’t
- are not = aren’t
示例：
- There isn’t a book on the desk.（桌上没有书。）
- There aren’t any students in the classroom.（教室里没有学生。）
- There isn’t any milk in the fridge.（冰箱里没有牛奶了。）
⚠️ 重要规则：否定句中的some要变成any
- ✅ There aren’t any apples.（正确）
- ❌ There aren’t some apples.（错误）
3. 一般疑问句
结构：Is/Are + there + 名词 + 地点？
回答方式：
- Yes, there is/are.
- No, there isn’t/aren’t.
示例：
-
Is there a book on the desk?
- Yes, there is.
- No, there isn’t.
-
Are there any apples in the bag?
- Yes, there are.
- No, there aren’t.
三、there be句型的”就近原则”——考试必考点
这是there be句型中最重要、也是最容易出错的规则！
核心规则
当there be后面跟着多个名词时，be动词的形式由最靠近be动词的名词决定。
示例对比
示例1：
-
✅ There is a book and two pens on the desk. （最近的”a book”是单数，所以用is）
-
✅ There are two pens and a book on the desk. （最近的”two pens”是复数，所以用are）
示例2：
-
There is a cat, a dog, and a bird in the room. （三个都是单数，最近的是cat，用is）
-
There are three cats and a dog in the room. （最近的”three cats”是复数，用are）
天津考试真题：
There ___ a desk and four chairs in the room.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
✅ A. is（最近的”a desk”是单数）
There ___ five books and a ruler on the table.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
✅ B. are（最近的”five books”是复数）
四、there be句型的时态变化
小学阶段主要掌握三种时态，另外了解两种拓展时态。
1. 一般现在时
- There is a park near my home.
- There are many trees in the park.
2. 一般过去时
规则：is/are → was/were
- There was a big tree here last year.（去年这里有一棵大树。）
- There were many people in the park yesterday.（昨天公园里有很多人。）
3. 一般将来时
规则：There + will be / is going to be
- There will be a party tonight.（今晚有一个派对。）
- There is going to be a test next week.（下周有一次考试。）
⚠️ 注意：将来时的there be中，be动词永远是be原形，不随名词变化。
- ✅ There will be a party.（正确）
- ❌ There will is a party.（错误）
4. 现在完成时（拓展了解）
- There have been many changes in our city.
5. 带有情态动词
结构：There + 情态动词 + be
- There can be no doubt about it.
- There must be a reason.
- There should be more parks in the city.
五、there be vs. have——最易混淆对比
这是天津小学英语考试中的头号易混点。
| there be | have/has | |
|---|---|---|
| 含义 | 存在（某处有某物） | 拥有（某人拥有某物） |
| 主语 | 无实际主语（there引导） | 有主语（人/物） |
| 示例 | There is a book. | I have a book. |
| 否定 | There isn’t a book. | I don’t have a book. |
| 疑问 | Is there a book? | Do you have a book? |
何时不能用there be？
当句子主语是人或组织机构时，用have/has：
- I have a new bag.（✅）
- There is a new bag of me.（❌）
- My school has a big playground.（✅）
- There is a big playground in my school?（✅ 也可以，意思不同）
巧记口诀：
“我你他，有东西；某地存在，there be。“
天津考试高频辨析题
翻译：教室里有20张桌子和30把椅子。
用there be： There are twenty desks and thirty chairs in the classroom. （根据就近原则，twenty desks是复数，用are）
翻译：我们学校有一个图书馆。
两种说法都可以，但意思不太一样：
- Our school has a library.（我们学校拥有一所图书馆。）
- There is a library in our school.（我们学校里存在一所图书馆。）
考试中两种都算对，但要根据题目要求来。
六、there be句型的特殊用法
1. some和any的使用
肯定句用some：
- There are some apples on the table.
否定句和疑问句用any：
- There aren’t any apples on the table.
- Are there any apples on the table?
例外：表示邀请或请求时，疑问句用some
- Would you like some tea?（邀请）
2. 数量表达
There be + 数量词 + 名词：
- There is a lot of water in the bottle.（不可数名词）
- There are a few students in the classroom.（可数复数）
- There is a little milk in the cup.（不可数）
- There are many books on the shelf.（可数复数）
- There is much water in the river.（不可数）
3. there be + 动词ing
表示”有…正在做某事”：
- There is a boy playing football on the playground.
- There are some girls singing in the room.
七、天津各区考试真题汇总
南开区三年级期末
题型：选择填空
-
There ___ a cat under the chair. A. is B. are C. am D. be ✅ A. is
-
There ___ some milk in the glass. A. is B. are C. have D. has ✅ A. is（milk是不可数名词）
-
___ there any books on the desk? A. Is B. Are C. Do D. Does ✅ B. Are（books是复数）
河北区四年级期末
题型：按要求改写句子
-
There is a pencil in the box.（改为否定句） ✅ There isn’t a pencil in the box.
-
There are some flowers in the garden.（改为一般疑问句） ✅ Are there any flowers in the garden?
-
There is a book and two rulers on the desk.（改为一般疑问句） ✅ Is there a book and two rulers on the desk? （就近原则，a book是单数，用Is）
河西区五年级期末
题型：用be动词的适当形式填空
-
There ___ a big tree and some small flowers in the garden. ✅ is（就近原则：a big tree是单数）
-
There ___ many people in the park on weekends. ✅ are（people是复数）
-
There ___ some water in the cup. ✅ is（water是不可数名词）
-
There ___ a party at my school tomorrow. ✅ will be（将来时）
和平区六年级期末
题型：阅读理解中的there be考查
My bedroom is small but clean. There is a bed near the window. There is a desk next to the bed. There are some books on the desk. There is a lamp on the desk too. There isn’t a TV in my room.
问题：
-
How many beds are there in the bedroom? → There is one bed. / There is a bed.
-
Is there a TV in the room? → No, there isn’t.
八、家庭辅导方法
方法一：看图说话法
拿一张图片（可以是绘本插画、照片或课本插图），让孩子用there be句型描述图片：
输入示例：
“There is a big tree in the picture. There are two birds in the tree. There is a boy under the tree. There are some apples on the grass.”
进阶玩法：描述完图片后，家长问：
- “Are there any cats in the picture?” → “No, there aren’t.”
- “Is there a river?” → “No, there isn’t.”
方法二：家庭寻宝游戏
家长描述一个位置，孩子去找：
“There is a red book on the sofa.”
找到后，轮到孩子描述：
“There is a toy car under the table.”
这个游戏不仅能练习there be句型，还能让孩子在真实场景中理解”某处有某物”的含义。
方法三：分类画图法
让孩子画两个气泡图：
- 气泡A：用there be描述的内容（如”There is a park.”）
- 气泡B：用have描述的内容（如”My family has a dog.”）
视觉化的区分有助于孩子从根本上理解两种表达方式的区别。
九、考试常见陷阱总结
陷阱1：混淆there be和have
河里有很多鱼。 ❌ The river has many fish. ✅ There are many fish in the river.
陷阱2：忘记就近原则
There ___ a book, a pencil and two erasers on the desk. ❌ are（有些孩子认为多个物品就用are） ✅ is（最近的a book是单数）
陷阱3：否定句中some忘记变any
❌ There aren’t some apples. ✅ There aren’t any apples.
陷阱4：疑问句忘记be动词提前
❌ There is a book on the desk?（这是陈述句的疑问语气，不是标准的疑问句） ✅ Is there a book on the desk?
陷阱5：不可数名词前用are
❌ There are milk in the cup. ✅ There is milk in the cup.
结语：从会做题到会说话
there be句型看似简单，但要做到既会做题又会在真实场景中使用，需要理解它的本质——表达存在。
胡老师的三个建议：
- 先理解，后记忆：搞清楚there be和have的区别，不要死记硬背
- 多用、多练：在生活中创造使用场景（如描述房间、书包内容等）
- 注意细节：就近原则、some/any的转换、时态变化——这些是考试的”得分点”
只要孩子真正理解了there be句型，考试中就一定不会丢分！
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