天津小学生英语特殊疑问词系统训练——what/who/which/where/when/why/how一网打尽
特殊疑问词是小学英语疑问句学习的核心，本文系统讲解7个核心疑问词的用法、区别和考试题型，帮孩子彻底掌握特殊疑问句。
引言
“老师，What color 和 Which color 有什么区别？""妈妈，Where are you go 这句话对吗？”
特殊疑问词是小学英语语法中最重要的疑问句体系。根据宇嘉教育对天津小学英语试卷的分析，特殊疑问词相关题目（包括单项选择、连词成句、对划线部分提问）的**覆盖率达到95%**以上。
胡老师常说：“特殊疑问句是孩子从’能听懂’到’能表达’的关键一步。一个掌握了特殊疑问词的孩子，就能用英语问出自己想问的一切。”
然而，很多孩子混淆这几个疑问词：看到”人”用who还是which？问”颜色”用what还是which？本文将帮助孩子系统掌握7个核心特殊疑问词。
一、小学阶段必学的7个特殊疑问词
英语中有7个最核心的特殊疑问词，胡老师将其归纳为”5W+1H+1个特殊”：
| 疑问词 | 意思 | 问什么 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| What | 什么 | 事物、动作 | What is this? |
| Who | 谁 | 人物 | Who is he? |
| Which | 哪一个 | 选择（有限范围） | Which do you like? |
| Where | 哪里 | 地点 | Where is my book? |
| When | 什么时候 | 时间 | When do you get up? |
| Why | 为什么 | 原因 | Why are you late? |
| How | 怎么样、多么 | 方式/程度 | How are you? |
二、每个疑问词的详细用法
1. What — “什么”
最常见的疑问词，用来问事物、动作、事件。
常见搭配：
| 搭配 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| What is…? | ……是什么？ | What is your name? |
| What do you…? | 你做什么……？ | What do you like? |
| What colour…? | ……是什么颜色？ | What colour is the bag? |
| What time…? | ……是什么时间？ | What time is it? |
| What day…? | ……星期几？ | What day is it today? |
| What about…? | ……怎么样？ | What about this one? |
考试高频搭配：
- What + class / grade / row：你在几班/几年级/第几排？
- What + colour / size / shape：什么颜色/尺寸/形状
2. Who — “谁”
用来问人物。
常见句型：
- Who is he/she? — He is my brother.
- Who is that man? — He is our teacher.
- Who is your best friend? — Tom is my best friend.
💡 易错点：Who 作主语时，后面的动词通常用单数形式：
- Who likes apples?（不是Who like）
- Who is singing?
3. Which — “哪一个”
在有限的范围内进行选择，和 What 的最大区别就在于此：
对比：
- What colour do you like?（问所有颜色）
- Which colour do you like, red or blue?（在红和蓝中选一个）
常见搭配：
- Which one? — The red one.
- Which class are you in? — Class 3.
- Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?
4. Where — “哪里、在哪儿”
用来问地点、位置。
常见句型：
- Where is my pen? — It’s on the desk.
- Where are you going? — I’m going to the park.
- Where do you live? — I live in Tianjin.
5. When — “什么时候”
用来问时间。
常见句型：
- When do you get up? — At 7 o’clock.
- When is your birthday? — It’s on May 5th.
- When do you go to school? — At 8 o’clock.
注意区别：
- When 问宽泛的时间（日期、季节、时间点）
- What time 问具体的时间点（几点几分）
6. Why — “为什么”
用来问原因、理由。
常见句型：
- Why are you happy? — Because I got a gift.
- Why do you like English? — Because it’s interesting.
回答一定要用 Because！
7. How — “怎么样、多么”
用法最多的特殊疑问词：
| 搭配 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| How are you? | 你好吗？ | I’m fine. |
| How old…? | 几岁？ | How old are you? |
| How many…? | 多少个？（可数） | How many books? |
| How much…? | 多少钱/多少（不可数） | How much is it? |
| How tall…? | 多高？ | How tall is he? |
| How long…? | 多长/多久？ | How long is the ruler? |
三、特殊疑问句的结构
结构1：疑问词作主语
疑问词 + 动词 + 其他？
- Who is singing?
- What is on the table?
- Which is yours?
不用助动词，因为疑问词就是主语！
结构2：疑问词不作主语
疑问词 + 一般疑问句的语序
- What do you like?
- Where is the cat?
- Why are you late?
要用助动词（do/does/did）或be动词倒装。
四、对划线部分提问
这是天津小学英语考试最难也是最重要的题型之一。
步骤：
- 确定划线部分是什么（人/物/地点/时间/原因/方式）
- 选择对应的疑问词
- 把剩下的句子变成一般疑问句语序
- 不要忘了问号！
例题精讲
例题1：My name is Tom.（对划线部分提问）
① 划线部分是”人名”→ 用 who ② 剩下的：My name is → 变一般疑问句
✅ What is your name?
（⚠️ 注意：my→your，而且问名字用what不是who！）
例题2：The book is on the desk.（对划线部分提问）
① 划线部分是”地点”→ 用 where ② 剩下的：The book is → 变一般疑问句
✅ Where is the book?
例题3：I like apples.（对划线部分提问）
① 划线部分是”事物”→ 用 what ② 剩下的：I like → 变一般疑问句（like是动词，加do）
✅ What do you like?
例题4：There are five books.（对划线部分提问）
① 划线部分是”数量”→ 用 how many ② 剩下的：There are books
✅ How many books are there?
五、考试常考题型
题型1：选词填空
例题1：— _______ is your mother? — She is in the kitchen. A. What B. Where C. Who
✅ B
例题2：— _______ do you go to bed? — At 9 o’clock. A. What time B. Where C. Who
✅ A
题型2：对划线部分提问
- My birthday is in June.
- The girl is my sister.
- It is red.
- I go to school by bus.
- There are twenty students.
参考答案：
- When is your birthday?
- Who is the girl?
- What colour is it?
- How do you go to school?
- How many students are there?
题型3：连词成句（特殊疑问句版）
- is / your / what / name
- do / where / live / you
- you / why / are / happy
- many / how / books / have / you / do
- is / when / birthday / your
参考答案：
- What is your name?
- Where do you live?
- Why are you happy?
- How many books do you have?
- When is your birthday?
六、特殊疑问词对比辨析
What vs. Which
| 对比维度 | What | Which |
|---|---|---|
| 选择范围 | 没有限制 | 有限范围 |
| 例句 | What fruit do you like? | Which fruit do you like, apples or oranges? |
| 语感 | 开放式的问 | 选择题式的问 |
When vs. What time
| 对比维度 | When | What time |
|---|---|---|
| 问的范围 | 日期/季节/时间段 | 具体某一时刻 |
| 例句 | When is your birthday? | What time is it now? |
How many vs. How much
| 对比维度 | How many | How much |
|---|---|---|
| 搭配 | 可数名词复数 | 不可数名词 |
| 例句 | How many apples? | How much water? |
| 另一种用法 | × | How much is it?（问价格） |
七、分层练习
基础层
选择正确的疑问词：
- _______ is your teacher? — Miss Li.
- _______ is the cat? — Under the table.
- _______ do you like dogs? — Because they’re cute.
- _______ colour is the sky? — Blue.
- _______ old are you? — Ten.
参考答案：1. Who 2. Where 3. Why 4. What 5. How
提高层
对划线部分提问：
- She is my friend.
- The pen is blue.
- I get up at 6:30.
- He goes to school by bus.
- There are 12 months in a year.
参考答案：
- Who is she?
- What colour is the pen?
- When/What time do you get up?
- How does he go to school?
- How many months are there in a year?
挑战层
连词成句：
- does / father / what / do / your
- many / in / how / class / students / your / are / there
- you / are / where / from
- is / longest / the / which / river
- you / why / not / school / did / go / to / yesterday
参考答案：
- What does your father do?
- How many students are there in your class?
- Where are you from?
- Which is the longest river?
- Why did you not go to school yesterday?
八、特殊疑问词记忆口诀
胡老师整理的口诀：
特殊疑问词，七个记心间； What用来问事物，Who问人物记清楚； Which范围选一个，Where就问在何处； When时间Why原因，How问方式和程度。 对线部分要提问，先找疑问词来定； 剩下部分变问句，最后不要忘问号。
总结
特殊疑问词是小学英语疑问句体系的核心，掌握了它们，孩子就能独立用英语问问题、进行对话。
- 7个核心词：What/Who/Which/Where/When/Why/How
- 两个结构：疑问词作主语（不加助动词）vs 疑问词+一般疑问句语序
- 对划线提问三步法：确定疑问词→变一般疑问句语序→加问号
- 易混淆辨析：What vs Which（范围），When vs What time（精度），How many vs How much（可数与否）
宇嘉教育胡老师团队整理了《特殊疑问句专项训练200题》，涵盖天津市各年级考试中出现的特殊疑问词题型，需要的家长可以联系我们获取。