天津小学生英语like doing与like to do及would like用法详解
like doing和like to do什么时候用？would like又怎么用？本文用最通俗的方式讲解这几个【喜欢】用法的区别，配合大量天津本地考试真题例句，帮孩子彻底掌握这套高频搭配。
三个”喜欢”，用法大不同
“I like swimming.” “I like to swim.” “I would like to swim.”
三个句子都跟”喜欢""想”有关，但用法和含义不完全相同。很多孩子一碰到like, love, would like就开始犯晕。
胡老师说：“like doing是爱好，like to do是选择，would like是请求。 记住这三个标签，就不会错了。”
在天津各校的期中期末和毕业考试中，like + V-ing / to do 和 would like to do 是选择填空和句型转换的常客。
一、like doing vs. like to do
核心区别
| 结构 | 含义 | 使用场景 |
|---|---|---|
| like doing | 喜欢做某事（爱好/习惯） | 一般性喜好 |
| like to do | 喜欢去做某事（具体某次） | 特定情境下的选择 |
举例对比
like doing（习惯爱好）
I like swimming in summer.（我喜欢夏天游泳。——夏天游泳是我的习惯爱好） She likes reading storybooks before bed.（她睡前喜欢读故事书。——习惯）
like to do（具体选择）
I like to swim after school today.（今天放学后我想去游泳。——今天的具体安排） She likes to read a new book tonight.（她今晚想读一本新书。——今晚的具体打算）
小测试
看看下面这句话，哪个含义更贴切？
A: Do you want to go skating this weekend? B: Yes, I like skating / to skate with you.
这里答话人说的是”这周末想和你一起去”——一次具体的安排，所以like to skate更贴切。
A: What do you do in winter? B: I like skating on the ice.
这里说冬天的习惯活动，所以like skating更贴切。
在美式英语中的简化
在日常对话中，like doing已经成为最常用的形式。在美式英语中，like to do和like doing的区别已经越来越模糊。但在考试中，仍然建议严格区分。
二、would like 的用法（最重要！）
would like是考试的重点，它和like的用法完全不同。
结构
would like + to do（想要做某事） would like + 名词（想要某物）
与like的对比
| 词 | 含义 | 结构 |
|---|---|---|
| like | 喜欢 | like + doing / to do |
| would like | 想要（客气表达） | would like + to do / 名词 |
例句对比：
I like coffee.（我喜欢喝咖啡。——日常习惯） I would like a cup of coffee, please.（我想要一杯咖啡。——此时此刻的请求） I like to drink coffee in the morning.（我早上喜欢喝咖啡。——习惯） I would like to have a cup of coffee now.（我现在想喝杯咖啡。——具体想这样做）
三种常见句型
肯定句：
I would like to go to the zoo.（我想去动物园。） She would like some water.（她想要一些水。）
否定句：
I would not like to go.（我不想去了。） He would not like any tea.（他不想要茶。）
疑问句：
Would you like some tea?（你想来点茶吗？——邀请/请求） What would you like to eat?（你想吃什么？）
礼貌回答
肯定回答：Yes, please. / Yes, I’d like to. 否定回答：No, thanks. / No, thank you.
— Would you like some cookies? — Yes, please! / No, thanks.
三、类似的动词对
很多与like相似的动词也有doing和to do两种形式：
| 动词 | + doing（习惯/爱好） | + to do（具体/未来） |
|---|---|---|
| love | I love dancing. | I’d love to dance with you. |
| hate | I hate getting up early. | I hate to tell you this. |
| prefer | I prefer walking. | I prefer to walk today. |
特别注意：would love / would hate 后面只能跟to do，不能跟doing：
I would love to go with you.（√） I would love going with you.（×）
四、天津考试真题类型
选择题
My sister likes _____ (dance) very much. She dances every day. A. dance B. dancing C. to dance D. danced
答案：B——every day表示习惯爱好，用dancing。
Would you like _____ some coffee? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drank
答案：C——would like后面永远跟to do。
I like _____ basketball after school today. A. playing B. play C. plays D. played
*答案：A 或 B 都可以？不——如果强调’今天放学后’的具体安排，按理用to play。但美式英语中like doing也常用来表示’喜欢打篮球’的一般性爱好。如果给了两个选项，看上下文更倾向哪个。一般情况下选to play更准确。但更常见的考试是考like doing和like to do在具体上下文中的差别。
句型转换
I want to have a rest.（用would like同义转换） → I would like to have a rest.
Would you like some milk?（作肯定回答） → Yes, please. / Yes, I’d like some.
完形填空
Tom: What do you like _____ (do) in your free time? Lily: I like _____ (read) storybooks.
答案：to do, reading（第一个问爱好——但to do问具体也常见；第二个是习惯爱好，用reading）
五、would like + 名词 vs. would like + to do 的转换
| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| would like + 名词 | 想要某物 | I’d like a glass of water. |
| would like + to do | 想要做某事 | I’d like to drink some water. |
两种结构可以互相转换：
I’d like a new bike for my birthday. = I’d like to get a new bike for my birthday.
She’d like some tea. = She’d like to have some tea.
六、常见的口语缩略
在日常口语和书面语中，would like通常缩略为**‘d like**：
I ‘d like = I would like She ‘d like = She would like We ‘d like = We would like
I’d like to join your team. She’d like to come with us.
七、胡老师的记忆口诀
“like后面两种跟，doing习惯to do选； would like不叫喜欢，想要客气来用全； would like加to do，想要去做某件事； would like加名词，想要某物真方便； would love更厉害，后面只能加to do； 否定句前加not，疑问句里would问起。“
八、亲子练习
- I like _____ (swim) in summer because it’s cool.
- She would like _____ (become) a teacher in the future.
- My brother likes _____ (play) football every weekend.
- Would you like _____ (have) dinner with us tonight?
- I like _____ (stay) at home today and read a book.
参考答案：
- swimming（一般性习惯——夏天游泳）
- to become（would like后永远跟to do）
- playing（every weekend习惯）
- to have（would like to do邀请）
- to stay（today今天的具体选择）
九、总结对比表
| 表达 | 含义强度 | 用法 |
|---|---|---|
| like doing | 喜欢（爱好） | 习惯性、经常性 |
| like to do | 喜欢（选择） | 具体某次、特定情境 |
| would like | 想要（客气/希望） | 此时此刻的请求/愿望 |
| would love | 非常想要 | 程度更强，后面只能加to do |
宇嘉教育建议：在小学阶段，最重要的是先掌握would like to do的用法（使用频率最高），然后区分like doing作为爱好的表达。平时阅读时多关注这些搭配，在不同语境中感受它们的区别，会比背诵规则更加印象深刻。