天津小学生英语介词深度讲解-时间介词方位介词一次性掌握
系统讲解小学阶段最常用的时间介词和方位介词,包含核心含义、用法对比、固定搭配和天津各区真题,配合记忆口诀和图片记忆法,让介词学习不再枯燥。
一、介词为什么这么难?
介词(preposition)是英语中最”小”但最”调皮”的词类。它们看起来简单(in, on, at都是两个字母),但用法却千变万化。
天津小学英语考试中,介词的题目几乎每张试卷都有,而且错误率长期居高不下:
- 和平区六年级上学期测试中,关于in/on/at的选择题错误率达42%
- 南开区五年级期中考试中,方位介词填空错误率达35%
- 河西区小升初模拟中,介词固定搭配错误率达38%
胡老师说:介词学习的关键不是死记硬背,而是建立”空间感”——让每个介词在孩子的脑海里形成一张”图片”。
二、时间介词的核心用法——in/on/at
时间介词”地图”
at ------- on --------- in
(点) (天) (段)
at 7:00 on Monday in May
at noon on June 1st in 2026
at night on my bd in summer
at——时间上的”点”
at表示一个非常具体的时间点:
用法1:具体钟点
- at 6:30(在6:30)
- at half past seven(在7:30)
- at a quarter to eight(在差一刻8点)
用法2:一天中的特定时段(固定搭配)
- at noon(在正午)
- at night(在夜间)
- at midnight(在午夜)
- at sunrise(日出时)
- at dinner time(在晚餐时间)
用法3:年龄
- at the age of six(在6岁的时候)
记忆口诀:at加”点”,钟点钟表最明显
on——时间上的”面”
on表示具体某一天或某一天的某个时段:
用法1:星期
- on Monday(在周一)
- on weekdays(在工作日)
用法2:具体日期
- on June 1st(在6月1日)
- on May 20th, 2026(在2026年5月20日)
用法3:带修饰词的时段
- on Monday morning(在周一上午)
- on a cold winter night(在一个寒冷的冬夜)
- on the afternoon of June 1st(在6月1日的下午)
记忆口诀:on加”天”,星期日期最方便
in——时间上的”空间”
in表示较长的时间段:
用法1:月份
- in January(在一月)
- in May(在五月)
用法2:年份
- in 2026(在2026年)
- in the year 2000(在2000年)
用法3:季节
- in spring(在春天)
- in summer(在夏天)
用法4:一天的组成部分
- in the morning(在早上)
- in the afternoon(在下午)
- in the evening(在晚上)
用法5:将来时”在……之后”
- in two hours(两小时后)
- in three days(三天后)
记忆口诀:in加”段”,年月季节早晚间
完整记忆口诀
at是点,on是天,in是年月季节间 早晨下午用in来搭,晚上固定记at它 星期前面on来放,节日之前不加in 将来时里in代表”……后”,这个考点要记牢
天津各区真题训练
真题1(和平区五年级):
We have English class ______ Monday morning. A. in B. on C. at D. for 解析:虽说是”morning”,但前面有Monday修饰,是”具体某一天的早上”→on 答案:B
真题2(河西区六年级):
My birthday is ______ June 15th. A. in B. at C. on D. for 解析:具体某一天→用on 答案:C
真题3(红桥区五年级):
I usually get up ______ 7 o’clock ______ the morning. A. at, in B. in, at C. on, at D. at, on 解析:具体钟点用at,上午时段用in→at 7 o’clock in the morning 答案:A
真题4(河北区小升初):
The train will arrive ______ two hours. A. in B. after C. for D. since 解析:将来时”两小时后”→in(in表示从现在开始算起的将来时间) 答案:A
三、方位介词的核心用法
核心方位介词一览
| 介词 | 含义 | 图示联想 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| in | 在……里面 | 圆点在方框内 | The pencil is in the box. |
| on | 在……上面(有接触) | 圆点在横线上 | The book is on the desk. |
| under | 在……下面 | 圆点在横线下方 | The cat is under the table. |
| beside | 在……旁边 | 圆点在方块侧面 | The school is beside the park. |
| behind | 在……后面 | 圆点在方块后面 | The boy is behind the door. |
| in front of | 在……前面 | 圆点在方块前面 | There is a tree in front of the house. |
| between | 在……之间(两者) | 圆点夹在两个方块中间 | The bank is between the library and the hospital. |
| near | 在……附近 | 圆点靠近方块 | My home is near the school. |
| next to | 紧挨着 | 圆点紧贴方块 | The post office is next to the supermarket. |
| opposite | 在……对面 | 圆点与方块隔路相望 | The cinema is opposite the park. |
| across from | 在……对面(同opposite) | 同上 | The restaurant is across from the hotel. |
| above | 在……上方(不一定正上方) | 圆点在方块上方但分离 | The picture is above the bed. |
| below | 在……下方(不一定正下方) | 圆点在方块下方但分离 | The temperature is below zero. |
最容易混淆的三对
① in和on
这是天津孩子最先学,也最常混淆的两个介词。
核心区别:
- in = 在里面(被包围)
- on = 在表面(有接触)
图片联想:
in the room(在房间里——四周是墙) on the floor(在地板上——直接接触地面表面)
特殊记忆:
- in the tree = 鸟在树枝间(鸟被叶子包围)
- on the tree = 水果在树枝上(水果挂在表面)
② on, above, over——三个”上”的区别
- on = 贴在表面上(in the desk上放着书)
- above = 在上方(不一定正上方),温度高于
- over = 正上方(垂直正对),或者从上方越过
例句:
- The lamp is above the desk.(灯在桌子上方——不一定在正上方)
- The lamp is over the desk.(灯在桌子正上方——垂直悬挂)
- The bridge is over the river.(桥在河上——从一端到另一端跨越)
③ in front of 和 in the front of
关键区别在于有没有the:
-
in front of = 在……前面(在外部的前面)
- There is a car in front of the building.(大楼前面有一辆车。——车在大楼外面)
-
in the front of = 在……前部(在内部的前部)
- The teacher is standing in the front of the classroom.(老师站在教室前面。——老师在教室里面)
天津常考:以和平区六年级为代表的各区期中期末考中,这个区别经常出现。
四、介词固定搭配
与动词的固定搭配
小学最常用的动词+介词搭配:
基础型(三年级):
- look at(看……)
- listen to(听……)
- wait for(等待……)
- talk about(谈论……)
- think about(考虑……)
进阶型(四五年级):
- look for(寻找)
- look after(照顾)
- take care of(照顾)
- laugh at(嘲笑)
- worry about(担心)
- hear from(收到……来信)
- talk with(和……交谈)
- agree with(同意某人)
- belong to(属于)
强化型(六年级/小升初):
- depend on(依靠)
- get on/off(上/下车)
- put on(穿上)
- take off(脱下)
- turn on/off(打开/关闭)
与形容词的固定搭配
- be afraid of(害怕……)
- be good at(擅长……)
- be interested in(对……感兴趣)
- be proud of(为……骄傲)
- be full of(充满……)
- be famous for(以……闻名)
- be different from(与……不同)
- be worried about(担心……)
- be late for(……迟到)
- be ready for(为……准备好)
与名词的固定搭配
- by bus/train/plane/car/bike(乘公交/火车/飞机/汽车/自行车)
- on foot(步行)
- in time(及时)
- on time(准时)
- at first(首先)
- at last(最后)
- in a hurry(匆忙)
- at home(在家)
- at school(在学校)
胡老师建议:固定搭配不要”一次性背完”,要”见一个记一个”。每学一篇课文,就把其中出现的固定搭配记在小本子上,日积月累。
五、天津各区方位介词常见题型
题型一:看图填空
这是三四年级最常见的题型:
图片:桌子左边有一个书包,桌子上面有一本书,桌子下面有一只猫
1. The schoolbag is ______ the desk.
2. The book is ______ the desk.
3. The cat is ______ the desk.
参考答案:1. beside/next to 2. on 3. under
题型二:介词选择
真题(滨海新区六年级):
The post office is ______ the left of the park. A. in B. on C. at D. beside 解析:表示”在……的左边/右边”→用on→on the left/right 答案:B
真题(河东区五年级):
The cat is sleeping ______ the sofa. A. in B. on C. under D. between 解析:猫”在”沙发上睡觉→表面上→用on 答案:B(in也可以表示埋在里面,但不如on自然)
题型三:完形填空中介词
真题(南开区六年级完形):
My school is not far (1)______ my home. I go to school (2)______ foot every day.
- A. to B. from C. of D. away
- A. by B. on C. in D. at 解析:be far from(离……远);on foot(步行) 答案:1. B 2. B
六、介词学习的方法
图片联想法
每个介词对应一张”心理图片”(mental picture):
in → 🧊⬜(冰块在水杯里) on → 📖🪑(书在桌子上) under → 🐱🪑(猫在椅子下) beside → 🏫🌳(学校在树旁边) between → 🏦📮🏪(银行在邮局和超市之间)
身体动作法
让孩子用身体来”表演”每个介词:
in → 站进衣柜里 on → 蹲在椅子上 under → 爬到桌子下 behind → 站到门后面 between → 站在两个人中间
房间描述法
每天晚上,让孩子用介词描述自己的房间:
“My bed is beside the window.” “A lamp is on the desk.” “My shoes are under the bed.” “A poster is above my bed.” “My books are in the bookcase.”
七、综合练习
一、用in, on, at填空
- I get up ______ 6:30 every morning.
- My birthday is ______ June.
- We have no school ______ Sundays.
- The children go to bed ______ night.
- She was born ______ May 5th, 2015.
- The birds fly south ______ winter.
- Let’s meet ______ Friday evening.
二、用方位介词填空
- There is a bridge ______ the river.
- The post office is ______ the corner of the street.
- My home is ______ the school and the hospital.
- The cat is hiding ______ the door.
- A plane is flying ______ the clouds.
- There is a garden ______ front of the house.
- The teacher is standing ______ the front of the classroom.
三、选择正确的介词
-
She is afraid ______ dogs. A. of B. at C. with D. for
-
Tianjin is famous ______ “Goubuli” steamed buns. A. as B. for C. of D. at
-
My mother is good ______ cooking. A. in B. at C. for D. to
-
We should take care ______ our pets. A. of B. for C. with D. at
-
The bus is ______ the traffic light. A. in B. at C. on D. by
-
Please look ______ the blackboard. A. at B. for C. after D. with
参考答案
- at 2. in 3. on 4. at 5. on 6. in 7. on
- over/above 9. at 10. between 11. behind 12. above 13. in 14. in
- A(be afraid of) 16. B(famous for) 17. B(good at)
- A(take care of) 19. B(at the traffic light) 20. A(look at)
八、给家长的辅导提醒
介词的学习需要长期积累和大量输入,不可能一蹴而就。
宇嘉教育建议:
- 每学一个新介词,先让孩子看图片理解”含义”
- 每天用2-3个介词的固定搭配造句
- 阅读时看到介词用法,随手标记
- 不要求一次性记住所有用法,慢慢积累
胡老师的一句话总结:介词不是”背”出来的,是”用”出来的。让孩子在生活中多说、多练,介词自然而然就掌握了。
宇嘉教育专注天津小学英语教学,为家长和孩子提供最专业的英语学习方案。获取更多介词专项练习,请关注宇嘉教育公众号,回复”介词”即可免费下载。