天津小学生英语非谓语动词入门-to-do与doing的用法区别与练习

针对天津小学高年级和小升初备考学生,系统讲解动词不定式(to do)和动名词(doing)的基本用法、搭配规则和易混点,通过大量真题帮助孩子掌握这一初小衔接关键语法。

一、什么是”非谓语动词”?——一个形象的比喻

动词就像一个”演员”,在句子中通常扮演”谓语”的角色,表示动作。但有时候,一个句子需要多个动作,比如”I want to play football.”——这里有”want”和”play”两个动作。一个句子不能有两个谓语怎么办呢?

答案是:把其中一个动词”变形”,变成”非谓语”形式——to do(不定式)或doing(动名词/现在分词)。

胡老师说:给天津孩子讲非谓语动词,最形象的比喻是:“如果一辆车上已经有一个司机(谓语动词),再多的人就只能坐后排(to do/doing)。“——一句话里只能有一个谓语动词,其他动词都要变形成非谓语形式。

二、to do(动词不定式)的基本用法

结构

to + 动词原形 例:to play / to eat / to study

用法1:接在动词后面(最常见)

小学阶段需要掌握只能接to do的动词(用口诀记忆):

想要拒绝学,同意选择决要(want to)、绝(refuse to)、会(learn to) — 意(agree to)、择(choose to)、定(decide to)

例句

其他常见动词

用法2:接在”动词+宾语”后面

动词 + 人 + to do

常见动词

例句

否定形式:在to前面加not

She told me not to be late.(她告诉我不要迟到。) He asked them not to make noise.(他请他们不要吵闹。)

用法3:why引导的句式(小升初高频考点)

Why not + 动词原形?(为什么不……?) = Why don’t you/we + 动词原形?

例句

注意:Why not后面不是to do,是动词原形

三、doing(动名词)的基本用法

结构

动词原形 + ing 例:playing / eating / studying

用法1:接在动词后面(最常见的用法)

只能接doing的动词(用口诀记忆):

喜欢享受避免,习惯介意继续喜欢(enjoy)、享受(enjoy)、避免(avoid) — 习惯(be used to)、介意(mind)、继续(keep/go on)

其他常见动词:finish(完成)、practice(练习)、suggest(建议)、can’t help(忍不住)

例句

用法2:作主语(天津小升初常考)

doing短语可以放在句首作主语,谓语动词用单数

Swimming is fun.(游泳很有趣。) Reading makes you smart.(阅读让你变聪明。) Playing football is my favourite sport.(踢足球是我最喜欢的运动。)

四、既接to do又接doing的动词——意思可能不同!

这是天津小升初考试中最容易出错的考点:

核心三组对比

① like/love + to do vs doing

I like swimming.(我喜欢游泳。——习惯爱好) I like to swim this afternoon.(我今天下午想去游泳。——具体某次)

在小学阶段,大部分情况下可以互换使用,区别不大。但天津小升初考试中,如果强调”具体某一次”,最好用like to do。

② stop + to do vs doing(最重要的一组!)

这两个意思完全相反

He stopped to smoke.(他停下来去抽烟。——停下别的事,去抽烟) He stopped smoking.(他停止抽烟。——不抽烟了)

记忆法

天津小升初真题(和平区):

When the teacher came in, the students stopped ______. A. to talk B. talking C. talk D. talked 解析:老师进来了,学生们”停止说话”→停止正在做的事→stop talking 答案:B

③ remember/forget + to do vs doing

Remember to lock the door.(记得要锁门。——还没锁) I remember locking the door.(我记得锁了门。——锁过了) Don’t forget to bring your book.(别忘了带书。——还没带) I forgot bringing my book.(我忘了带书这件事。——其实书在包里)

记忆法:to do→未做(to表示”去”,还没干);doing→已做(做完了)

真题(南开区六年级):

Please remember ______ the window when you leave. A. close B. to close C. closing D. is close 解析:“记得要关窗户”→还没做→remember to close 答案:B

五、天津各区非谓语动词常考题型

题型一:选择to do还是doing

真题1(和平区五年级):

My little brother enjoys ______ cartoons. A. watch B. watches C. watching D. to watch 解析:enjoy后面接doing→enjoy watching 答案:C

真题2(河西区六年级):

He wants ______ a doctor when he grows up. A. be B. to be C. being D. is 解析:want后面接to do→wants to be 答案:B

真题3(南开区小升初模拟):

We decided ______ the museum yesterday. A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 解析:decide后面接to do→decided to visit 答案:C

题型二:改错

真题4(红桥区六年级):

My father enjoys to read newspapers in the evening. 解析:enjoy后面要接doing→reading 改错:to read → reading

真题5(河北区小升初):

I want go shopping with my mother tomorrow. 解析:want后面要加to→to go 改错:want go → want to go

题型三:完成句子

真题6(河东区六年级):

我弟弟喜欢踢足球。 My brother enjoys ______ football. 答案:playing

真题7(滨海新区小升初):

请记得明天叫醒我。 Please remember ______ me up tomorrow. 答案:to wake

六、非谓语动词完整动词清单

to do搭配

动词例子
want toI want to play.
hope toI hope to see you.
decide toWe decided to go.
plan toThey plan to move.
learn toShe learned to cook.
need toI need to rest.
try toTry to be quiet.
promise toI promise to come.
agree toHe agreed to help.
choose toShe chose to stay.
refuse toHe refused to answer.
would like toI’d like to eat.

doing搭配

动词例子
enjoy doingI enjoy reading.
finish doingI finished cleaning.
practice doingPractice speaking.
keep doingKeep trying!
mind doingDo you mind waiting?
suggest doingHe suggested going.
avoid doingAvoid being late.
can’t help doingI can’t help laughing.
be good at doingShe is good at singing.
be interested in doingI’m interested in learning.
be afraid of doingI’m afraid of flying.

七、常见错误及纠正

错误1:非谓语动词和谓语动词混淆

❌ 错误:I go to school take a bus. ✅ 正确:I go to school by bus. / I take a bus to go to school.

纠正:一个句子只能有一个谓语动词(带时态变化)。如果你用了两个动词,第二个一定要变成非谓语形式或借助介词/连词。

错误2:忘记to do中的to

❌ 错误:I want play football. ✅ 正确:I want to play football.

纠正:在want, hope, decide, plan, learn, need, try等词后面,必须加to再加动词原形。可以制作一张”必加to”的动词卡片贴在书桌上。

错误3:enjoy后面用to do

❌ 错误:I enjoy to swim. ✅ 正确:I enjoy swimming.

纠正:enjoy, finish, practice, mind, keep等词后面一定要用doing,不用to do。可以用口诀”喜欢享受避免,习惯介意继续”来记忆。

错误4:like doing/ to do混淆

❌ 错误:I like to swimming. ✅ 正确:I like swimming / to swim.

纠正:like后面两种都可以,但形式要对。要么doing,要么to do,不能混用。

八、趣味练习

选择填空

  1. Tom enjoys ______ (play) basketball after school.
  2. My mother wants ______ (buy) a new dress.
  3. Please remember ______ (bring) your homework tomorrow.
  4. I finished ______ (do) my homework at 8 o’clock.
  5. He stopped ______ (have) a rest when he was tired.
  6. She is good at ______ (dance).
  7. They decided ______ (go) to the zoo.
  8. Would you like ______ (have) some tea?
  9. Keep ______ (try), and you will succeed.
  10. I’m afraid of ______ (swim) in deep water.

改错

  1. I enjoy to read books before sleeping.
  2. She wants go to Beijing.
  3. He stopped to play when his mother called him.
  4. Please remember bringing your umbrella.
  5. They practiced to speak English every day.

翻译(用非谓语动词)

  1. 我弟弟喜欢画画。
  2. 老师让我们安静。
  3. 记得明天早起。
  4. 我决定不去了。
  5. 游泳很有趣。

参考答案

  1. playing(enjoy doing)
  2. to buy(want to do)
  3. to bring(remember to do未做)
  4. doing(finish doing)
  5. to have(stop to do→停下来去休息)
  6. dancing(be good at doing)
  7. to go(decide to do)
  8. to have(would like to do)
  9. trying(keep doing)
  10. swimming(be afraid of doing)
  11. to read → reading
  12. want go → want to go
  13. stopped to play → stopped playing(妈妈叫他,他应该”停止玩耍”)
  14. bringing → to bring(记得要去带伞)
  15. to speak → speaking(practice doing)
  16. My brother enjoys drawing. / My brother likes to draw/drawing.
  17. The teacher told us to be quiet.
  18. Remember to get up early tomorrow.
  19. I decided not to go.
  20. Swimming is fun.

九、学习路线

年级重点要求
四年级认识to do和doing的基本形式能识别即可
五年级掌握enjoy doing / want to do等基础搭配选择题会做
六年级掌握stop/remember/forget的区别、非谓语作主语综合运用
小升初所有非谓语考点融会贯通能正确运用+改错

非谓语动词是小学语法到初中语法的关键衔接点。在天津小升初英语考试中,非谓语动词相关的选择题、改错题、完成句子题占据了相当的比例。系统掌握to do和doing的用法,孩子到了初中会轻松很多。

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