天津小学生英语there be句型与存在句结构完全讲透
there be句型是小学英语必须掌握的句式结构。本文系统讲解there is/are的肯定否定疑问形式、就近原则、与have的区别,含天津各区真题解析和趣味练习。
“There is a cat under the table.”
这个句子在天津小学英语考试中出现的频率极高——几乎每次考试都会考到。但就是这样一个看似简单的句型,很多孩子却会犯各种错误。
宇嘉教育胡老师(edu_yujia)在辅导中发现,天津小学生对于there be句型的问题主要集中在三个方面:be动词的选择(is还是are)、否定句和疑问句的转换、以及和have/has的混淆。
今天我们就来系统解决这些问题。
一、there be句型的基本结构
1. 基本公式
There be + 名词 + 地点/时间状语
这个句型表示”某处有某物”或”某时有某物”。
| 例句 | 中文翻译 | 结构分析 |
|---|---|---|
| There is a book on the desk. | 书桌上有一本书。 | there is + 书 + 在书桌上 |
| There are two cats in the room. | 房间里有两只猫。 | there are + 两只猫 + 在房间里 |
| There is some milk in the cup. | 杯子里有些牛奶。 | there is + 牛奶 + 在杯子里 |
2. be动词的选择——核心规则
“就近原则”——be动词和它后面的第一个名词保持一致
| 主语(be动词后面第一个名词) | 用is还是are | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 单数/不可数名词 | is | There is a banana on the table. |
| 复数名词 | are | There are three apples on the table. |
| 多个名词(第一个是单数) | is | There is a banana and three apples. |
| 多个名词(第一个是复数) | are | There are three apples and a banana. |
记忆口诀: “be动词看后面,第一个名词说了算。“
3. there be句型的否定和疑问
否定句: There be + not + 名词 + 地点
| 肯定句 | 否定句 |
|---|---|
| There is a pen on the desk. | There isn’t a pen on the desk. |
| There are some books. | There aren’t any books. |
| There is some water. | There isn’t any water. |
注意: 肯定句中的some在否定句中变为any。
疑问句: Be + there + 名词 + 地点?
| 肯定句 | 一般疑问句 | 简答 |
|---|---|---|
| There is a cat. | Is there a cat? | Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t. |
| There are dogs. | Are there any dogs? | Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t. |
二、there be vs have/has——最大难点
这是天津小学生最容易混淆的地方。中文里”有”可以同时对应there be和have,但英语里完全不一样。
核心区别
- there be:表示”某处存在某物”——强调”存在”
- have/has:表示”某人拥有某物”——强调”拥有”和”所属关系”
| 场景 | 正确 | 错误 |
|---|---|---|
| 桌子上有一本书 | There is a book on the desk. | The desk has a book. |
| 我有一本书 | I have a book. | There is a book for me. |
| 房间里有一只猫 | There is a cat in the room. | The room has a cat. |
| 她有一只猫 | She has a cat. | There is a cat for her. |
判断方法:
- 能说出”在哪里”的 → there be
- 能说出”谁的”的 → have/has
交叉练习
让孩子判断下列句子中,该用there be还是have/has:
- ___ a park near my school. → There is(公园在学校附近——存在)
- My school ___ a big library. → has(学校拥有一个图书馆——所属)
- ___ three people in my family. → There are(家里有三个人——存在)
- I ___ two brothers. → have(我有两个兄弟——所属)
三、there be句型的扩展用法
1. there was / there were(过去时)
There was + 单数/不可数名词 + 地点 There were + 复数名词 + 地点
| 例句 | 中文翻译 |
|---|---|
| There was a playground here before. | 以前这里有一个操场。 |
| There were many trees in the park. | 公园里有很多树。 |
2. there will be(将来时)
There will be + 名词(不随单复数变化)
| 例句 | 中文翻译 |
|---|---|
| There will be a test next week. | 下周有一次考试。 |
| There will be many guests. | 会有很多客人。 |
3. 数量表达
在there be句型中表达”有多少”:
| 表达 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 只有一个 | There is only one student. |
| 有一些 | There are some apples. |
| 有好多 | There are a lot of / many books. |
| 没多少 | There are few / not many children. |
| 几乎没有 | There is little water. |
四、天津考试真题解析
真题1:选择填空(2025年和平区四年级期末)
- There ___ (is/are) two cats under the table.
- 答案: are
- 解析: two cats是复数,be动词用are。
真题2:完成句子(2024年河西区五年级期末)
- 桌子上有一本书和两支笔。
- There ___ a book and two pens on the desk.
- 答案: is
- 解析: 就近原则,a book是单数,所以用is。
真题3:改错题(2025年南开区六年级期末)
- There is many students in the classroom.
- 改正: There are many students…
- 解析: many students是复数,be动词应该用are。
真题4:句型转换(2024年河东区四年级期末)
- There are some birds in the tree.(改成否定句)
- 答案: There aren’t any birds in the tree.
- 解析: 否定句中some变any,are not = aren’t。
五、在家趣味练习
练习1:看图说话
给孩子一张图片(房间、公园、教室等),让孩子用there be句型描述图中的事物。
示例——描述一个房间:
- There is a bed in the room.
- There is a desk next to the bed.
- There are two chairs near the desk.
- There is a book on the desk.
练习2:找不同游戏
给两幅相似的画,让孩子用there be句型说两幅画的不同之处。
- “In Picture A, there is a dog. In Picture B, there isn’t a dog.”
- “In Picture A, there are three flowers. In Picture B, there are five flowers.”
练习3:there be vs have填空
- My sister ___ a new bike.
- ___ a supermarket near my home.
- There ___ many people in the park.
- Our classroom ___ 30 desks.
参考答案: has, There is, are, has
六、胡老师的3点建议
-
就近原则最常考。 在天津各区期末试题中,there be的就近原则是最频繁出现的考点。建议孩子做”先判断be动词后面第一个名词的单复数”这个习惯。
-
否定句和疑问句要单独练。 很多孩子在肯定句中会用there is/are,但一变成否定句和疑问句就容易忘。建议用”三步法”练习:肯定→否定→疑问,一个句式三种形式都练到。
-
there be vs have需要反复区分。 两种”有”的区别不是一两次就能掌握的。建议在生活中随时给孩子提醒:“在哪里用there be,谁的用have/has”,两个月就能形成条件反射。
掌握了there be句型,孩子就掌握了一种非常重要的英语表达方式。宇嘉教育胡老师(edu_yujia)建议每周做1-2次there be句型的专项练习,配合日常生活场景使用,效果最好。