天津小学生英语被动语态入门——主动句变被动句轻松学

用最通俗的方式讲解英语被动语态的概念、结构和转换方法,包含时态变化、常见考点和天津考试真题,适合小学生入门

天津小学生英语被动语态入门——主动句变被动句轻松学

为什么要学被动语态?

“妈妈,这道题为什么用is watered而不是watered?”

五年级的小美在做英语练习时遇到了难题。题目是这样的:

The flowers ___ (water) by my mother every day.

小美填了”waters”,但正确答案是”are watered”。

这就是被动语态——一个让很多小学生头疼,但到了五、六年级又不得不面对的语法重点。

胡老师说:“被动语态在天津小学英语考试中,最早出现在五年级下学期的期中考试,六年级则成为必考语法点。虽然它看起来复杂,但只要找对了方法,理解起来并不难。”

今天我们就用最通俗的方式,帮助孩子彻底掌握被动语态!


一、什么是主动和被动?

用中文先理解

在学英语之前,先用中文帮孩子建立概念:

主动句 = 主语”做”动作

妈妈 打扫 了房间。 (妈妈是动作的执行者)

被动句 = 主语”被”做动作

房间 妈妈 打扫 了。 (房间是动作的承受者)

用英语对比

主动句被动句
My mom cleans the room.The room is cleaned by my mom.
The boy ate the cake.The cake was eaten by the boy.
My father built this house.This house was built by my father.

观察这两类句子,孩子会发现一个非常重要的区别:

主动句:关注的是”谁做了什么” 被动句:关注的是”什么被怎么样了”

一张图看懂主被动关系

主动句:猫    抓住了     老鼠
        ↓       ↓        ↓
      主语    谓语动词    宾语
      (动作发出者)    (动作承受者)

被动句:老鼠  被抓住     被猫
         ↓       ↓        ↓
        主语    be+过去分词  by+动作发出者
       (动作承受者)    (动作发出者)

二、被动语态的核心公式——“be + 过去分词”

一个公式走天下

被动语态 = be动词 + 动词的过去分词

注意:这个公式中的be动词会根据时态和主语变化

不同时态的被动语态

一般现在时(be = am/is/are)

一般过去时(be = was/were)

一般将来时(be = will be)

含有情态动词(be = 情态动词 + be)

过去分词的变化规则

规则变化(同过去式):

不规则变化(需要特别记忆):


三、主动句变被动句——四步法

胡老师总结了四步转换法,步骤清晰,孩子更容易掌握。

四步法详解

原句:The cat caught the mouse.

第1步:把原句的宾语变成新句的主语

the mouse → The mouse

第2步:动词变成be + 过去分词

caught → was caught(原句是一般过去时,所以be动词用was)

第3步:原句的主语变成by + 主语

the cat → by the cat

第4步:其他部分保持不变

没有其他成分了

最终结果

The mouse was caught by the cat.

更多四步法示例

示例1

My mother waters the flowers every day.

  1. 宾语变成主语:The flowers
  2. 动词变be+过去分词:are watered(一般现在时,flowers是复数→are)
  3. 主语变by+主语:by my mother
  4. 其他不变:every day

✅ The flowers are watered by my mother every day.

示例2

The children ate all the cakes.

  1. 宾语变成主语:All the cakes
  2. 动词变be+过去分词:were eaten(一般过去时,cakes是复数→were)
  3. 主语变by+主语:by the children
  4. 其他不变:无

✅ All the cakes were eaten by the children.

考试小技巧

天津考试中,被动语态的考点往往只需要孩子选择正确的be动词和过去分词形式,不需要完整的转换。常见题型是:

The book ___ (write) by a famous writer.

答案:is written / was written(根据上下文时态判断)


四、什么时候用主动?什么时候用被动?

用主动句的情况

  1. 动作执行者很重要:The doctor saved the patient.(强调是医生救的)
  2. 动作执行者是句子的重点:My brother broke the window.
  3. 日常口语中:I cleaned my room.(日常交流更自然)

用被动句的情况

  1. 不知道动作执行者是谁:My bike was stolen.(不知道谁偷的)
  2. 动作执行者不重要:The window was broken.(谁打碎的不重要)
  3. 动作承受者是关注焦点:The old man was taken to hospital.
  4. 表达更正式的观点:English is spoken all over the world.
  5. 不想说出动作执行者:The cake was eaten.(避免说是谁吃的)

天津考试常考例句

这件毛衣是手工做的。

The sweater is made by hand.

英语在世界各地被使用。

English is spoken all over the world.

这本书是一位著名的作家写的。

The book was written by a famous writer.


五、被动语态的否定句和疑问句

否定句

规则:在be动词后加not

肯定句否定句
It is done.It is not done.
They were seen.They were not seen.
He will be invited.He will not be invited.

示例

一般疑问句

规则:把be动词提到句首

天津考试真题

将 “The book was written by him.” 改为否定句。

✅ The book was not written by him.

将 “The room is cleaned every day.” 改为一般疑问句。

Is the room cleaned every day?


六、天津各区考试真题

南开区六年级期末

题型:用所给词的适当形式填空

  1. The classroom ___ (clean) by the students every day. ✅ is cleaned(一般现在时被动)

  2. These photos ___ (take) last summer. ✅ were taken(一般过去时被动,photos是复数)

  3. The cake ___ (make) by my grandmother yesterday evening. ✅ was made(一般过去时被动,cake是单数)

  4. English ___ (speak) in many countries. ✅ is spoken(一般现在时被动,English是单数)

河西区六年级期末

题型:选择填空

  1. The bridge ___ in 2020. A. built B. was built C. is built D. builds ✅ B. was built(2020年是过去时间,桥是被建造的)

  2. Rice ___ in the south of China. A. grow B. is grown C. grows D. grew ✅ B. is grown(水稻是被种植的,一般现在时被动)

  3. The book ___ by many children. A. is loved B. loves C. loving D. is love ✅ A. is loved(书是被喜爱的)

和平区六年级期末

题型:按要求改写句子

  1. Tom writes a letter to his mother every week.(改为被动句) ✅ A letter is written by Tom to his mother every week.

  2. The workers built this school in 2015.(改为被动句) ✅ This school was built by the workers in 2015.

河东区六年级期中

题型:判断对错

  1. The window is broke by Tom.( ) ✅ ❌ 应为:The window is broken by Tom. (break的过去分词是broken,不是broke)

  2. Many trees are planted every year.( ) ✅ ✅ 正确


七、被动语态的常见错误

错误1:忘加be动词

❌ The book written by him. ✅ The book was written by him.

纠正方法:记住”被动语态必须有be动词”,没有be动词就不是被动语态。

错误2:过去分词形式用错

❌ The window is breaked. ✅ The window is broken.

❌ The cake is eated. ✅ The cake is eaten.

纠正方法:熟记不规则动词的过去分词形式。可以按分组记忆(如:sing-sang-sung, ring-rang-rung, drink-drank-drunk)。

错误3:时态和被动搞混

❌ The book is wrote by him.(is + wrote混搭) ✅ The book is written by him.(is + 过去分词) ✅ The book was written by him.(过去时)

纠正方法:区分”时态”和”语态”两个概念——时态告诉时间,语态告诉主被动。

错误4:主动被动不分

❌ The party is helded last week.(时态错了) ✅ The party was held last week.

纠正方法:注意时间状语,判断是用一般现在时还是一般过去时的被动语态。


八、被动语态的趣味练习

练习一:句子变身游戏

和孩子互相出题,把主动句变成被动句(或者反过来):

家长:The boy broke the window. 孩子:The window was broken by the boy.

孩子:The book is read by my sister. 家长:My sister reads the book.

练习二:找错游戏

从孩子的作文或练习中找到主动和被动使用不当的地方,一起讨论为什么会错。

练习三:句型对照表

制作一份对照表,贴在孩子的书桌前:

时态主动语态被动语态
一般现在时cleansis/are cleaned
一般过去时cleanedwas/were cleaned
一般将来时will cleanwill be cleaned
情态动词can cleancan be cleaned

九、被动语态跟阅读和写作的关系

对阅读的帮助

很多英语文章(尤其是说明文、科普文)大量使用被动语态。孩子理解了被动语态后,阅读时会更容易理解句意:

“The experiment was conducted by scientists. The results were published in a journal.”

如果不懂被动语态,孩子会困惑:实验怎么”被做”?结果怎么”被发布”?

对写作的提升

在写作中适当使用被动语态,可以让文章更有层次:

只用主动:My family visited the museum. We saw many interesting things. The guide told us stories.

加入被动:My family visited the museum. Many interesting things were seen. We were told stories by the guide.

看,加入被动句后,文章的表达方式更丰富了!


结语:被动语态不是”魔鬼”

对于天津五年级以上的小学生来说,被动语态是一个必须跨过的坎。但与其把它当成一个可怕的语法点,不如把它理解为一个”反转游戏”——把动作的执行者和承受者交换位置,同时给动词穿上”be + 过去分词”的外衣。

胡老师的小建议:

  1. 五升六暑假开始接触:利用假期提前了解被动语态的基本概念
  2. 从常见动词开始:先掌握clean/do/make/write/see/eat等常用动词的过去分词
  3. 学会区分时态:先确定时态,再确定be动词的形式
  4. 多做对比练习:主动句和被动句互相转换,加深理解

掌握被动语态,孩子就拿到了英语语法学习中的一把新钥匙。加油!

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